IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/onb/oenbmp/y2020iq1-q2-20b4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

EU-Mitgliedschaft, EU-Erweiterung und die Auswirkungen auf den österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt

Author

Abstract

Seit dem EU-Beitritt kam es in Österreich zu einem Anstieg der Beschäftigung von Personen aus den „alten“ EU-Mitgliedstaaten, seit dem Jahr 2004 und insbesondere seit 2011 zu einer deutlich stärkeren Beschäftigungszunahme aus den „neuen“ EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Diese Arbeitskräfte leisten einen bedeutenden Beitrag zum heimischen Wirtschaftswachstum. Die Zuwanderung aus den neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten lässt sich gut durch die Größe der Herkunftsländer, ihre geografische Distanz und ihren Wohlstand relativ zu Österreich erklären. Bürgerinnen und Bürger der alten EU-Mitgliedstaaten arbeiten eher im Westen Österreichs, während jene der neuen Mitgliedstaaten vornehmlich in den östlichen Bundesländern Beschäftigung finden. Die Beschäftigten aus der EU sind überwiegend männlich, jung und gut ausgebildet. Während diejenigen aus den alten Mitgliedstaaten meist als Angestellte in akademischen und technischen Berufen tätig sind, sind die Beschäftigten aus den neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten häufig Hilfsarbeitskräfte oder arbeiten in Dienstleistungs- und Handwerksberufen. Probit-Schätzungen ergeben, dass sich das Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko durch die Zuwanderung aus den neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten nur geringfügig erhöht hat. Bei einigen Gruppen von Beschäftigten (Arbeiter, Beschäftigte mit überwiegend manuellen Tätigkeiten sowie vor allem Dienstleistungs- und Verkaufsberufe) ist dieser Effekt aber höher.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfred Stiglbauer, 2020. "EU-Mitgliedschaft, EU-Erweiterung und die Auswirkungen auf den österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1-Q2/20, pages 75-88.
  • Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2020:i:q1-q2/20:b:4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.oenb.at/dam/jcr:9e654d68-c989-462e-93c1-7139a00a258d/07_MOP_Q1_2_20_eu-mitgliedschaft.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Julia Schmieder & Andrea Weber, 2018. "How did EU Eastern enlargement affect migrant labor supply in Austria?," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q3-18, pages 113-121.
    2. Helmut Hofer & Gerlinde Titelbach & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer & Alexander Ahammer, 2017. "Wage Discrimination Against Immigrants in Austria?," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 31(2), pages 105-126, June.
    3. Richard Grieveson & Sandra M. Leitner & Robert Stehrer, 2019. "EU Faces a Tough Demographic Reckoning," wiiw Policy Notes 30, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    4. Rudolf Winter-Ebmer & Josef Zweimüller, 1999. "Do immigrants displace young native workers: The Austrian experience," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 12(2), pages 327-340.
    5. Vasily Astrov & Mario Holzner & Sebastian Leitner & Isilda Mara & Leon Podkaminer & Armon Rezai, 2019. "Wage Developments in the Central and Eastern European EU Member States," wiiw Research Reports 443, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    6. Poot, Jacques & Alimi, Omoniyi & Cameron, Michael P. & Maré, David C., 2016. "The gravity model of migration: the successful comeback of an ageing superstar in regional science," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 36, pages 63-86.
    7. Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf & Zweimuller, Josef, 1996. "Immigration and the Earnings of Young Native Workers," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 48(3), pages 473-491, July.
    8. Gerhard Fenz & Christian Ragacs & Alfred Stiglbauer, 2019. "Aggregate wage developments in Austria since the introduction of the euro," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q-1-Q2/19, pages 41-56.
    9. Anthony Edo, 2019. "The Impact Of Immigration On The Labor Market," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 922-948, July.
    10. Christian Dustmann & Uta Schönberg & Jan Stuhler, 2016. "The Impact of Immigration: Why Do Studies Reach Such Different Results?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 30(4), pages 31-56, Fall.
    11. Anna Katharina Raggl, 2019. "Migration intentions in CESEE: sociodemographic profiles of prospective emigrants and their motives for moving," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1/19, pages 49-67.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Christian Ragacs & Lukas Reiss, 2021. "Austria’s labor market during the COVID-19 crisis," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q2/21, pages 59-78.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Valentine Fays & Benoît Mahy & François Ryckx, 2024. "Do migrants displace native-born workers on the labour market? The impact of workers’ origin," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2024004, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    2. Borjas, George J. & Edo, Anthony, 2021. "Gender, Selection into Employment, and the Wage Impact of Immigration," IZA Discussion Papers 14261, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Fays, Valentine & Mahy, Benoît & Rycx, François, 2024. "Do migrants displace native-born workers on the labour market? The impact of workers' origin," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1420, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    4. Karin Mayr, 2003. "Immigration and Majority Voting on Income Redistriubtion-Is there a Case for Opposition from Natives?," Economics working papers 2003-08, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    5. Frattini, T. (Tommaso), 2012. "GINI DP 44: Immigration and Inequality in Europe," GINI Discussion Papers 44, AIAS, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies.
    6. Peter Haan & Izabela Wnuk, 2024. "The Effect of Migration on Careers of Natives: Evidence from Long-term Care," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2070, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    7. Edo, Anthony & Rapoport, Hillel, 2019. "Minimum wages and the labor market effects of immigration," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    8. Dustmann Christian & Preston Ian P, 2007. "Racial and Economic Factors in Attitudes to Immigration," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 7(1), pages 1-41, November.
    9. Simonetta Longhi & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2009. "Regional Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Review," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-047/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 23 Jul 2009.
    10. Bohnet, Lara & Peralta, Susana & Pereira dos Santos, João, 2022. "Cousins from Overseas: The Labour Market Impact of a Major Forced Return Migration Shock," IZA Discussion Papers 15595, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Kwon, Chul-Woo & Chun, Bong Geul, 2011. "Relationship regarding the demand for labor between domestic temporary and foreign workers: Korean case," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 240-245.
    12. Jose-Ignacio Anton & René Böheim & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer, 2016. "The effects of international migration on native workers' unionisation in Austria," RF Berlin - CReAM Discussion Paper Series 1630, Rockwool Foundation Berlin (RF Berlin) - Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM).
    13. Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Peter Huber, 2015. "Auswirkungen einer Erleichterung des Arbeitsmarktzuganges für Asylsuchende in Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 59410.
    14. Thomas Horvath, 2012. "Immigration and the Distribution of Wages in Austria," DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, European Association Comenius - EACO, issue 3, pages 55-69, March.
    15. Tao Song & Huanan Xu, 2020. "Anywhere they go, we go: Immigration inflow's impact on co‐ethnic natives in the U.S," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 87(1), pages 191-215, July.
    16. Zuchowski, David, 2023. "Migration response to an immigration shock: Evidence from Russia's aggression against Ukraine," Ruhr Economic Papers 1039, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    17. Parisa Ghasemi & Paulino Teixeira & Carlos Carreira, 2024. "Immigrants and the Portuguese labor market: Threat or Advantage?," CeBER Working Papers 2024-02, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra.
    18. Edo, Anthony & Özgüzel, Cem, 2023. "The impact of immigration on the employment dynamics of European regions," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    19. Haan, Peter & Wnuk, Izabela, 2024. "The Effect of Migration on Careers of Natives: Evidence from Long-Term Care," IZA Discussion Papers 16749, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    20. Alessandra VENTURINI & Claudia VILLOSIO, 2006. "Labour market effects of immigration into Italy: An empirical analysis," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 145(1-2), pages 91-118, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Europäische Union; EU-Erweiterungen; Arbeitsmarkt;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J60 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - General
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2020:i:q1-q2/20:b:4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Rita Glaser-Schwarz (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/oenbbat.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.