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A mechanically strong and ductile soft magnet with extremely low coercivity

Author

Listed:
  • Liuliu Han

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung)

  • Fernando Maccari

    (Technical University of Darmstadt)

  • Isnaldi R. Souza Filho

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung)

  • Nicolas J. Peter

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung)

  • Ye Wei

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung)

  • Baptiste Gault

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung)

  • Oliver Gutfleisch

    (Technical University of Darmstadt)

  • Zhiming Li

    (Central South University)

  • Dierk Raabe

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung)

Abstract

Soft magnetic materials (SMMs) serve in electrical applications and sustainable energy supply, allowing magnetic flux variation in response to changes in applied magnetic field, at low energy loss1. The electrification of transport, households and manufacturing leads to an increase in energy consumption owing to hysteresis losses2. Therefore, minimizing coercivity, which scales these losses, is crucial3. Yet meeting this target alone is not enough: SMMs in electrical engines must withstand severe mechanical loads; that is, the alloys need high strength and ductility4. This is a fundamental design challenge, as most methods that enhance strength introduce stress fields that can pin magnetic domains, thus increasing coercivity and hysteresis losses5. Here we introduce an approach to overcome this dilemma. We have designed a Fe–Co–Ni–Ta–Al multicomponent alloy (MCA) with ferromagnetic matrix and paramagnetic coherent nanoparticles (about 91 nm in size and around 55% volume fraction). They impede dislocation motion, enhancing strength and ductility. Their small size, low coherency stress and small magnetostatic energy create an interaction volume below the magnetic domain wall width, leading to minimal domain wall pinning, thus maintaining the soft magnetic properties. The alloy has a tensile strength of 1,336 MPa at 54% tensile elongation, extremely low coercivity of 78 A m−1 (less than 1 Oe), moderate saturation magnetization of 100 A m2 kg−1 and high electrical resistivity of 103 μΩ cm.

Suggested Citation

  • Liuliu Han & Fernando Maccari & Isnaldi R. Souza Filho & Nicolas J. Peter & Ye Wei & Baptiste Gault & Oliver Gutfleisch & Zhiming Li & Dierk Raabe, 2022. "A mechanically strong and ductile soft magnet with extremely low coercivity," Nature, Nature, vol. 608(7922), pages 310-316, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:608:y:2022:i:7922:d:10.1038_s41586-022-04935-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04935-3
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Liuliu Han & Fernando Maccari & Ivan Soldatov & Nicolas J. Peter & Isnaldi R. Souza Filho & Rudolf Schäfer & Oliver Gutfleisch & Zhiming Li & Dierk Raabe, 2023. "Strong and ductile high temperature soft magnets through Widmanstätten precipitates," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Chengyi Yu & Kun Lin & Qinghua Zhang & Huihui Zhu & Ke An & Yan Chen & Dunji Yu & Tianyi Li & Xiaoqian Fu & Qian Yu & Li You & Xiaojun Kuang & Yili Cao & Qiang Li & Jinxia Deng & Xianran Xing, 2024. "An isotropic zero thermal expansion alloy with super-high toughness," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Jae Bok Seol & Won-Seok Ko & Seok Su Sohn & Min Young Na & Hye Jung Chang & Yoon-Uk Heo & Jung Gi Kim & Hyokyung Sung & Zhiming Li & Elena Pereloma & Hyoung Seop Kim, 2022. "Mechanically derived short-range order and its impact on the multi-principal-element alloys," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Guohua Bai & Jiayi Sun & Zhenhua Zhang & Xiaolian Liu & Sateesh Bandaru & Weiwei Liu & Zhong Li & Hongxia Li & Ningning Wang & Xuefeng Zhang, 2024. "Vortex-based soft magnetic composite with ultrastable permeability up to gigahertz frequencies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Chengyi Yu & Kun Lin & Xin Chen & Suihe Jiang & Yili Cao & Wenjie Li & Liang Chen & Ke An & Yan Chen & Dunji Yu & Kenichi Kato & Qinghua Zhang & Lin Gu & Li You & Xiaojun Kuang & Hui Wu & Qiang Li & J, 2023. "Superior zero thermal expansion dual-phase alloy via boron-migration mediated solid-state reaction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Shuya Zhu & Dingshun Yan & Yong Zhang & Liuliu Han & Dierk Raabe & Zhiming Li, 2024. "Strong and ductile Resinvar alloys with temperature- and time-independent resistivity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    7. Ge Wu & Chang Liu & Yong-Qiang Yan & Sida Liu & Xinyu Ma & Shengying Yue & Zhi-Wei Shan, 2024. "Elemental partitioning-mediated crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation under quasi-static deformation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.

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