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Bacterial disease resistance in Arabidopsis through flagellin perception

Author

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  • Cyril Zipfel

    (Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
    University of Basel)

  • Silke Robatzek

    (Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
    University of Basel)

  • Lionel Navarro

    (The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane)

  • Edward J. Oakeley

    (Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research)

  • Jonathan D. G. Jones

    (The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane)

  • Georg Felix

    (Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
    University of Basel)

  • Thomas Boller

    (Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
    University of Basel)

Abstract

Plants and animals recognize microbial invaders by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)1,2,3,4,5 such as flagellin6,7,8,9,10. However, the importance of flagellin perception for disease resistance has, until now, not been demonstrated7,8,9,10,11. Here we show that treatment of plants with flg22, a peptide representing the elicitor-active epitope of flagellin6, induces the expression of numerous defence-related genes and triggers resistance to pathogenic bacteria in wild-type plants, but not in plants carrying mutations in the flagellin receptor gene FLS2. This induced resistance seems to be independent of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling. Wild-type and fls2 mutants both display enhanced resistance when treated with crude bacterial extracts, even devoid of elicitor-active flagellin, indicating the existence of functional perception systems for PAMPs other than flagellin. Although fls2 mutant plants are as susceptible as the wild type when bacteria are infiltrated into leaves, they are more susceptible to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 when it is sprayed on the leaf surface. Thus, flagellin perception restricts bacterial invasion, probably at an early step, and contributes to the plant's disease resistance.

Suggested Citation

  • Cyril Zipfel & Silke Robatzek & Lionel Navarro & Edward J. Oakeley & Jonathan D. G. Jones & Georg Felix & Thomas Boller, 2004. "Bacterial disease resistance in Arabidopsis through flagellin perception," Nature, Nature, vol. 428(6984), pages 764-767, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:428:y:2004:i:6984:d:10.1038_nature02485
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02485
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    Cited by:

    1. Deepak D. Bhandari & Dae Kwan Ko & Sang-Jin Kim & Kinya Nomura & Sheng Yang He & Federica Brandizzi, 2023. "Defense against phytopathogens relies on efficient antimicrobial protein secretion mediated by the microtubule-binding protein TGNap1," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Sayaka Matsui & Saki Noda & Keiko Kuwata & Mika Nomoto & Yasuomi Tada & Hidefumi Shinohara & Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi, 2024. "Arabidopsis SBT5.2 and SBT1.7 subtilases mediate C-terminal cleavage of flg22 epitope from bacterial flagellin," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Frederickson Entila & Xiaowei Han & Akira Mine & Paul Schulze-Lefert & Kenichi Tsuda, 2024. "Commensal lifestyle regulated by a negative feedback loop between Arabidopsis ROS and the bacterial T2SS," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Mamoru Matsumura & Mika Nomoto & Tomotaka Itaya & Yuri Aratani & Mizuki Iwamoto & Takakazu Matsuura & Yuki Hayashi & Tsuyoshi Mori & Michael J. Skelly & Yoshiharu Y. Yamamoto & Toshinori Kinoshita & I, 2022. "Mechanosensory trichome cells evoke a mechanical stimuli–induced immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Li Fan & Katja Fröhlich & Eric Melzer & Rory N. Pruitt & Isabell Albert & Lisha Zhang & Anna Joe & Chenlei Hua & Yanyue Song & Markus Albert & Sang-Tae Kim & Detlef Weigel & Cyril Zipfel & Eunyoung Ch, 2022. "Genotyping-by-sequencing-based identification of Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor RLP32 recognizing proteobacterial translation initiation factor IF1," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.

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