IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v16y2025i1d10.1038_s41467-025-57335-2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Signatures of Floquet electronic steady states in graphene under continuous-wave mid-infrared irradiation

Author

Listed:
  • Yijing Liu

    (Georgetown University)

  • Christopher Yang

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Gabriel Gaertner

    (New Mexico Tech)

  • John Huckabee

    (New Mexico Tech)

  • Alexey V. Suslov

    (National High Magnetic Field Laboratory)

  • Gil Refael

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Frederik Nathan

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Cyprian Lewandowski

    (National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
    Florida State University)

  • Luis E. F. Foa Torres

    (University of Chile)

  • Iliya Esin

    (California Institute of Technology
    Bar-Ilan University)

  • Paola Barbara

    (Georgetown University)

  • Nikolai G. Kalugin

    (New Mexico Tech)

Abstract

Light-induced phenomena in materials can exhibit exotic behavior that extends beyond equilibrium properties, offering new avenues for understanding and controlling electronic phases. So far, non-equilibrium phenomena in solids have been predominantly explored using femtosecond laser pulses, which generate transient, ultra-fast dynamics. Here, we investigate the steady non-equilibrium regime in graphene induced by a continuous-wave (CW) mid-infrared laser. Our transport measurements reveal signatures of a long-lived Floquet phase, where a non-equilibrium electronic population is stabilized by the interplay between coherent photoexcitation and incoherent phonon cooling. The observation of non-equilibrium steady states using CW lasers stimulates further investigations of low-temperature Floquet phenomena towards Floquet engineering of steady-state phases of matter.

Suggested Citation

  • Yijing Liu & Christopher Yang & Gabriel Gaertner & John Huckabee & Alexey V. Suslov & Gil Refael & Frederik Nathan & Cyprian Lewandowski & Luis E. F. Foa Torres & Iliya Esin & Paola Barbara & Nikolai , 2025. "Signatures of Floquet electronic steady states in graphene under continuous-wave mid-infrared irradiation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-57335-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57335-2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-57335-2
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-025-57335-2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-57335-2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.