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Steady Floquet–Andreev states in graphene Josephson junctions

Author

Listed:
  • Sein Park

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology)

  • Wonjun Lee

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology
    Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS))

  • Seong Jang

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology)

  • Yong-Bin Choi

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology)

  • Jinho Park

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology)

  • Woochan Jung

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology)

  • Kenji Watanabe

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • Takashi Taniguchi

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • Gil Young Cho

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology
    Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
    Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics)

  • Gil-Ho Lee

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology
    Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics)

Abstract

Engineering quantum states through light–matter interaction has created a paradigm in condensed-matter physics. A representative example is the Floquet–Bloch state, which is generated by time-periodically driving the Bloch wavefunctions in crystals. Previous attempts to realize such states in condensed-matter systems have been limited by the transient nature of the Floquet states produced by optical pulses1–3, which masks the universal properties of non-equilibrium physics. Here we report the generation of steady Floquet–Andreev states in graphene Josephson junctions by continuous microwave application and direct measurement of their spectra by superconducting tunnelling spectroscopy. We present quantitative analysis of the spectral characteristics of the Floquet–Andreev states while varying the phase difference of the superconductors, the temperature, the microwave frequency and the power. The oscillations of the Floquet–Andreev-state spectrum with phase difference agreed with our theoretical calculations. Moreover, we confirmed the steady nature of the Floquet–Andreev states by establishing a sum rule of tunnelling conductance4, and analysed the spectral density of Floquet states depending on Floquet interaction strength. This study provides a basis for understanding and engineering non-equilibrium quantum states in nanodevices.

Suggested Citation

  • Sein Park & Wonjun Lee & Seong Jang & Yong-Bin Choi & Jinho Park & Woochan Jung & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Gil Young Cho & Gil-Ho Lee, 2022. "Steady Floquet–Andreev states in graphene Josephson junctions," Nature, Nature, vol. 603(7901), pages 421-426, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:603:y:2022:i:7901:d:10.1038_s41586-021-04364-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04364-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Yuxuan Li & Yaoyao Han & Wenfei Liang & Boyu Zhang & Yulu Li & Yuan Liu & Yupeng Yang & Kaifeng Wu & Jingyi Zhu, 2022. "Excitonic Bloch–Siegert shift in CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. E. Wang & J. D. Adelinia & M. Chavez-Cervantes & T. Matsuyama & M. Fechner & M. Buzzi & G. Meier & A. Cavalleri, 2023. "Superconducting nonlinear transport in optically driven high-temperature K3C60," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.

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