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Multi-antigen intranasal vaccine protects against challenge with sarbecoviruses and prevents transmission in hamsters

Author

Listed:
  • Ankita Leekha

    (University of Houston)

  • Arash Saeedi

    (University of Houston)

  • K M Samiur Rahman Sefat

    (University of Houston)

  • Monish Kumar

    (University of Houston)

  • Melisa Martinez-Paniagua

    (University of Houston)

  • Adrian Damian

    (University of Houston)

  • Rohan Kulkarni

    (University of Houston)

  • Kate Reichel

    (University of Houston)

  • Ali Rezvan

    (University of Houston)

  • Shalaleh Masoumi

    (University of Houston)

  • Xinli Liu

    (University of Houston)

  • Laurence J. N. Cooper

    (AuraVax Therapeutics)

  • Manu Sebastian

    (AuraVax Therapeutics)

  • Courtney M. Sands

    (University of Houston)

  • Vallabh E. Das

    (University of Houston)

  • Nimesh B. Patel

    (University of Houston)

  • Brett Hurst

    (Utah State University)

  • Navin Varadarajan

    (University of Houston)

Abstract

Immunization programs against SARS-CoV-2 with commercial intramuscular vaccines prevent disease but are less efficient in preventing infections. Mucosal vaccines can provide improved protection against transmission, ideally for different variants of concern (VOCs) and related sarbecoviruses. Here, we report a multi-antigen, intranasal vaccine, NanoSTING-SN (NanoSTING-Spike-Nucleocapsid), eliminates virus replication in both the lungs and the nostrils upon challenge with the pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC. We further demonstrate that NanoSTING-SN prevents transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC (BA.5) to vaccine-naïve hamsters. To evaluate protection against other sarbecoviruses, we immunized mice with NanoSTING-SN. We showed that immunization affords protection against SARS-CoV, leading to protection from weight loss and 100% survival in mice. In non-human primates, animals immunized with NanoSTING-SN show durable serum IgG responses (6 months) and nasal wash IgA responses cross-reactive to SARS-CoV-2 (XBB1.5), SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV antigens. These observations have two implications: (1) mucosal multi-antigen vaccines present a pathway to reducing transmission of respiratory viruses, and (2) eliciting immunity against multiple antigens can be advantageous in engineering pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.

Suggested Citation

  • Ankita Leekha & Arash Saeedi & K M Samiur Rahman Sefat & Monish Kumar & Melisa Martinez-Paniagua & Adrian Damian & Rohan Kulkarni & Kate Reichel & Ali Rezvan & Shalaleh Masoumi & Xinli Liu & Laurence , 2024. "Multi-antigen intranasal vaccine protects against challenge with sarbecoviruses and prevents transmission in hamsters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-50133-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50133-2
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