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Oxide nanolitisation-induced melt iron extraction causes viscosity jumps and enhanced explosivity in silicic magma

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  • Francisco Cáceres

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München
    Universidad Católica del Maule)

  • Kai-Uwe Hess

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München)

  • Michael Eitel

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München)

  • Markus Döblinger

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München)

  • Kelly N. McCartney

    (University of Hawai’i at Manoa)

  • Mathieu Colombier

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München)

  • Stuart A. Gilder

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München)

  • Bettina Scheu

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München)

  • Melanie Kaliwoda

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München
    Mineralogical State Collection of Munich (SNSB—Natural Science Collections of Bavaria))

  • Donald B. Dingwell

    (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München)

Abstract

Explosivity in erupting volcanoes is controlled by the degassing dynamics and the viscosity of the ascending magma in the conduit. Magma crystallisation enhances both heterogeneous bubble nucleation and increases in magma bulk viscosity. Nanolite crystallisation has been suggested to enhance such processes too, but in a noticeably higher extent. Yet the precise causes of the resultant strong viscosity increase remain unclear. Here we report experimental results for rapid nanolite crystallisation in natural silicic magma and the extent of the subsequent viscosity increase. Nanolite-free and nanolite-bearing rhyolite magmas were subjected to heat treatments, where magmas crystallised or re-crystallised oxide nanolites depending on their initial state, showing an increase of one order of magnitude as oxide nanolites formed. We thus demonstrate that oxide nanolites crystallisation increases magma bulk viscosity mainly by increasing the viscosity of its melt phase due to the chemical extraction of iron, whereas the physical effect of particle suspension is minor, almost negligible. Importantly, we further observe that this increase is sufficient for driving magma fragmentation depending on magma degassing and ascent dynamics.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Cáceres & Kai-Uwe Hess & Michael Eitel & Markus Döblinger & Kelly N. McCartney & Mathieu Colombier & Stuart A. Gilder & Bettina Scheu & Melanie Kaliwoda & Donald B. Dingwell, 2024. "Oxide nanolitisation-induced melt iron extraction causes viscosity jumps and enhanced explosivity in silicic magma," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-44850-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44850-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paolo Papale, 1999. "Strain-induced magma fragmentation in explosive eruptions," Nature, Nature, vol. 397(6718), pages 425-428, February.
    2. D. Di Genova & S. Kolzenburg & S. Wiesmaier & E. Dallanave & D. R. Neuville & K. U. Hess & D. B. Dingwell, 2017. "A compositional tipping point governing the mobilization and eruption style of rhyolitic magma," Nature, Nature, vol. 552(7684), pages 235-238, December.
    3. Helge M. Gonnermann & Michael Manga, 2003. "Explosive volcanism may not be an inevitable consequence of magma fragmentation," Nature, Nature, vol. 426(6965), pages 432-435, November.
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