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Strain-induced magma fragmentation in explosive eruptions

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  • Paolo Papale

    (CNR-CSGSDA)

Abstract

Explosive eruptions are the most powerful and destructive type of volcanic activity. These eruptions are characterized by magma fragmentation, the process through which a bubbly or foamy magma is transformed into a gas–pyroclast dispersion1. Although magma fragmentation has been investigated both experimentally2,3,4,5,6,7 and theoretically8,9,10, and the basic transport phenomena that occur in a volcanic conduit have been modelled11,12,13,14,15,16,17, the underlying mechanism responsible for magma fragmentation is still poorly understood. This lack of understanding seriously limits our ability to forecast volcanic hazards, preventing reliable discrimination between conditions that lead to explosive and effusive eruptions. Here I develop a model in which a fragmentation criterion, based on a rate-limited crossing of the glass transition1, 18,19,20, is incorporated into a multiphase fluid-dynamic description of magma ascent17. The numerical results of this model demonstrate the feasibility of strain-induced brittle fragmentation of magma in volcanic eruptions, and reconcile experimental with theoretical studies as well as with the observed volcanic products of large explosive eruptions.

Suggested Citation

  • Paolo Papale, 1999. "Strain-induced magma fragmentation in explosive eruptions," Nature, Nature, vol. 397(6718), pages 425-428, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:397:y:1999:i:6718:d:10.1038_17109
    DOI: 10.1038/17109
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    Cited by:

    1. Jens Karstens & Gareth J. Crutchley & Thor H. Hansteen & Jonas Preine & Steven Carey & Judith Elger & Michel Kühn & Paraskevi Nomikou & Florian Schmid & Giacomo Dalla Valle & Karim Kelfoun & Christian, 2023. "Cascading events during the 1650 tsunamigenic eruption of Kolumbo volcano," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Howard Roscoe, 2001. "The Risk of Large Volcanic Eruptions and the Impact of this Risk on Future Ozone Depletion," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 23(2), pages 231-246, March.
    3. Francisco Cáceres & Kai-Uwe Hess & Michael Eitel & Markus Döblinger & Kelly N. McCartney & Mathieu Colombier & Stuart A. Gilder & Bettina Scheu & Melanie Kaliwoda & Donald B. Dingwell, 2024. "Oxide nanolitisation-induced melt iron extraction causes viscosity jumps and enhanced explosivity in silicic magma," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.

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