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Cascading events during the 1650 tsunamigenic eruption of Kolumbo volcano

Author

Listed:
  • Jens Karstens

    (GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel)

  • Gareth J. Crutchley

    (GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel)

  • Thor H. Hansteen

    (GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel)

  • Jonas Preine

    (University of Hamburg, Institute of Geophysics)

  • Steven Carey

    (University of Rhode Island)

  • Judith Elger

    (GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel)

  • Michel Kühn

    (GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel)

  • Paraskevi Nomikou

    (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens)

  • Florian Schmid

    (GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel
    K.U.M Umwelt und Meerestechnik Kiel GmbH)

  • Giacomo Dalla Valle

    (Institute of Marine Science ISMAR)

  • Karim Kelfoun

    (Université Clermont Auvergne, OPGC, CNRS, IRD)

  • Christian Berndt

    (GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel)

Abstract

Volcanic eruptions can trigger tsunamis, which may cause significant damage to coastal communities and infrastructure. Tsunami generation during volcanic eruptions is complex and often due to a combination of processes. The 1650 eruption of the Kolumbo submarine volcano triggered a tsunami causing major destruction on surrounding islands in the Aegean Sea. However, the source mechanisms behind the tsunami have been disputed due to difficulties in sampling and imaging submarine volcanoes. Here we show, based on three-dimensional seismic data, that ~1.2 km³ of Kolumbo’s northwestern flank moved 500–1000 m downslope along a basal detachment surface. This movement is consistent with depressurization of the magma feeding system, causing a catastrophic explosion. Numerical tsunami simulations indicate that only the combination of flank movement followed by an explosive eruption can explain historical eyewitness accounts. This cascading sequence of natural hazards suggests that assessing submarine flank movements is critical for early warning of volcanogenic tsunamis.

Suggested Citation

  • Jens Karstens & Gareth J. Crutchley & Thor H. Hansteen & Jonas Preine & Steven Carey & Judith Elger & Michel Kühn & Paraskevi Nomikou & Florian Schmid & Giacomo Dalla Valle & Karim Kelfoun & Christian, 2023. "Cascading events during the 1650 tsunamigenic eruption of Kolumbo volcano," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-42261-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42261-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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