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Elevated binding and functional antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in infants versus mothers

Author

Listed:
  • Caitlin I. Stoddard

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center)

  • Kevin Sung

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center)

  • Zak A. Yaffe

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
    University of Washington)

  • Haidyn Weight

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center)

  • Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières

    (Université de Montréal
    Université de Montréal)

  • Jared Galloway

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center)

  • Soren Gantt

    (Université de Montréal
    Université de Montréal)

  • Judith Adhiambo

    (University of Nairobi)

  • Emily R. Begnel

    (University of Washington)

  • Ednah Ojee

    (University of Nairobi)

  • Jennifer Slyker

    (University of Washington)

  • Dalton Wamalwa

    (University of Nairobi)

  • John Kinuthia

    (University of Washington
    Kenyatta National Hospital)

  • Andrés Finzi

    (Université de Montréal
    Université de Montréal)

  • Frederick A. Matsen

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Dara A. Lehman

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
    University of Washington)

  • Julie Overbaugh

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
    Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center)

Abstract

Infant antibody responses to viral infection can differ from those in adults. However, data on the specificity and function of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in infants, and direct comparisons between infants and adults are limited. Here, we characterize antibody binding and functionality against Wuhan-Hu-1 (B lineage) strain SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent plasma from 36 postpartum women and 14 of their infants infected with SARS-CoV-2 from a vaccine-naïve prospective cohort in Nairobi, Kenya. We find significantly higher antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, receptor binding domain and N-terminal domain, and Spike-expressing cell-surface staining levels in infants versus mothers. Plasma antibodies from mothers and infants bind to similar regions of the Spike S2 subunit, including the fusion peptide (FP) and stem helix-heptad repeat 2. However, infants display higher antibody levels and more consistent antibody escape pathways in the FP region compared to mothers. Finally, infants have significantly higher levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), though, surprisingly, Spike pseudovirus neutralization titers between infants and mothers are similar. These results suggest infants develop distinct SARS-CoV-2 binding and functional antibody activities and reveal age-related differences in humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection that could be relevant to protection and COVID-19 disease outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Caitlin I. Stoddard & Kevin Sung & Zak A. Yaffe & Haidyn Weight & Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières & Jared Galloway & Soren Gantt & Judith Adhiambo & Emily R. Begnel & Ednah Ojee & Jennifer Slyker & Dalto, 2023. "Elevated binding and functional antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in infants versus mothers," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-40554-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40554-w
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