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Long term anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and correlate of protection against Omicron BA.1/BA.2 infection

Author

Listed:
  • Javier Perez-Saez

    (Geneva University Hospitals
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)

  • María-Eugenia Zaballa

    (Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Julien Lamour

    (Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Sabine Yerly

    (Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Richard Dubos

    (Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Delphine S. Courvoisier

    (General Directorate of Health
    Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Jennifer Villers

    (Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Jean-François Balavoine

    (University of Geneva)

  • Didier Pittet

    (University of Geneva
    Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Omar Kherad

    (University of Geneva
    Hôpital de la Tour)

  • Nicolas Vuilleumier

    (Geneva University Hospitals
    University of Geneva)

  • Laurent Kaiser

    (Geneva University Hospitals
    University of Geneva
    Geneva University Hospitals
    Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Idris Guessous

    (University of Geneva
    Geneva University Hospitals)

  • Silvia Stringhini

    (Geneva University Hospitals
    University of Lausanne)

  • Andrew S. Azman

    (Geneva University Hospitals
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)

Abstract

Binding antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 have shown to be correlates of protection against infection with pre-Omicron lineages. This has been challenged by the emergence of immune-evasive variants, notably the Omicron sublineages, in an evolving immune landscape with high levels of cumulative incidence and vaccination coverage. This in turn limits the use of widely available commercial high-throughput methods to quantify binding antibodies as a tool to monitor protection at the population-level. Here we show that anti-Spike RBD antibody levels, as quantified by the immunoassay used in this study, are an indirect correlate of protection against Omicron BA.1/BA.2 for individuals previously infected by SARS-CoV-2. Leveraging repeated serological measurements between April 2020 and December 2021 on 1083 participants of a population-based cohort in Geneva, Switzerland, and using antibody kinetic modeling, we found up to a three-fold reduction in the hazard of having a documented positive SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 wave for anti-S antibody levels above 800 IU/mL (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.22-0.41). However, we did not detect a reduction in hazard among uninfected participants. These results provide reassuring insights into the continued interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 binding antibody measurements as an independent marker of protection at both the individual and population levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Perez-Saez & María-Eugenia Zaballa & Julien Lamour & Sabine Yerly & Richard Dubos & Delphine S. Courvoisier & Jennifer Villers & Jean-François Balavoine & Didier Pittet & Omar Kherad & Nicolas , 2023. "Long term anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and correlate of protection against Omicron BA.1/BA.2 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38744-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38744-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. van der Wal, Willem M. & Geskus, Ronald B., 2011. "ipw: An R Package for Inverse Probability Weighting," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 43(i13).
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