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Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Kandeil

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
    National Research Centre)

  • Christopher Patton

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
    University of Tennessee Health Science Center)

  • Jeremy C. Jones

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Trushar Jeevan

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Walter N. Harrington

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Sanja Trifkovic

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Jon P. Seiler

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Thomas Fabrizio

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Karlie Woodard

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Jasmine C. Turner

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Jeri-Carol Crumpton

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Lance Miller

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Adam Rubrum

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Jennifer DeBeauchamp

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Charles J. Russell

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Elena A. Govorkova

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Peter Vogel

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Mia Kim-Torchetti

    (US Department of Agriculture (USDA))

  • Yohannes Berhane

    (National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease
    University of Manitoba)

  • David Stallknecht

    (The University of Georgia)

  • Rebecca Poulson

    (The University of Georgia)

  • Lisa Kercher

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Richard J. Webby

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
    University of Tennessee Health Science Center)

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across Asia, Europe, and Africa. By the end of 2021, 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in North America, signifying further intercontinental spread. Here we show that the western movement of clade 2.3.4.4b was quickly followed by reassortment with viruses circulating in wild birds in North America, resulting in the acquisition of different combinations of ribonucleoprotein genes. These reassortant A(H5N1) viruses are genotypically and phenotypically diverse, with many causing severe disease with dramatic neurologic involvement in mammals. The proclivity of the current A(H5N1) 2.3.4.4b virus lineage to reassort and target the central nervous system warrants concerted planning to combat the spread and evolution of the virus within the continent and to mitigate the impact of a potential influenza pandemic that could originate from similar A(H5N1) reassortants.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Kandeil & Christopher Patton & Jeremy C. Jones & Trushar Jeevan & Walter N. Harrington & Sanja Trifkovic & Jon P. Seiler & Thomas Fabrizio & Karlie Woodard & Jasmine C. Turner & Jeri-Carol Crump, 2023. "Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38415-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38415-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Masaki Imai & Tokiko Watanabe & Masato Hatta & Subash C. Das & Makoto Ozawa & Kyoko Shinya & Gongxun Zhong & Anthony Hanson & Hiroaki Katsura & Shinji Watanabe & Chengjun Li & Eiryo Kawakami & Shinya , 2012. "Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets," Nature, Nature, vol. 486(7403), pages 420-428, June.
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