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Polymerizable rotaxane hydrogels for three-dimensional printing fabrication of wearable sensors

Author

Listed:
  • Xueru Xiong

    (South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology)

  • Yunhua Chen

    (South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology)

  • Zhenxing Wang

    (South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology)

  • Huan Liu

    (South China University of Technology)

  • Mengqi Le

    (South China University of Technology)

  • Caihong Lin

    (South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology)

  • Gang Wu

    (South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology)

  • Lin Wang

    (South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology)

  • Xuetao Shi

    (South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology)

  • Yong-Guang Jia

    (South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology
    South China University of Technology)

  • Yanli Zhao

    (Nanyang Technological University)

Abstract

While hydrogels enable a variety of applications in wearable sensors and electronic skins, they are susceptible to fatigue fracture during cyclic deformations owing to their inefficient fatigue resistance. Herein, acrylated β-cyclodextrin with bile acid is self-assembled into a polymerizable pseudorotaxane via precise host-guest recognition, which is photopolymerized with acrylamide to obtain conductive polymerizable rotaxane hydrogels (PR-Gel). The topological networks of PR-Gel enable all desirable properties in this system due to the large conformational freedom of the mobile junctions, including the excellent stretchability along with superior fatigue resistance. PR-Gel based strain sensor can sensitively detect and distinguish large body motions and subtle muscle movements. The three-dimensional printing fabricated sensors of PR-Gel exhibit high resolution and altitude complexity, and real-time human electrocardiogram signals are detected with high repeating stability. PR-Gel can self-heal in air, and has highly repeatable adhesion to human skin, demonstrating its great potential in wearable sensors.

Suggested Citation

  • Xueru Xiong & Yunhua Chen & Zhenxing Wang & Huan Liu & Mengqi Le & Caihong Lin & Gang Wu & Lin Wang & Xuetao Shi & Yong-Guang Jia & Yanli Zhao, 2023. "Polymerizable rotaxane hydrogels for three-dimensional printing fabrication of wearable sensors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-36920-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36920-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abu Bin Imran & Kenta Esaki & Hiroaki Gotoh & Takahiro Seki & Kohzo Ito & Yasuhiro Sakai & Yukikazu Takeoka, 2014. "Extremely stretchable thermosensitive hydrogels by introducing slide-ring polyrotaxane cross-linkers and ionic groups into the polymer network," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Matteo Caprioli & Ignazio Roppolo & Annalisa Chiappone & Liraz Larush & Candido Fabrizio Pirri & Shlomo Magdassi, 2021. "3D-printed self-healing hydrogels via Digital Light Processing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Jeong-Yun Sun & Xuanhe Zhao & Widusha R. K. Illeperuma & Ovijit Chaudhuri & Kyu Hwan Oh & David J. Mooney & Joost J. Vlassak & Zhigang Suo, 2012. "Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels," Nature, Nature, vol. 489(7414), pages 133-136, September.
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