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Key innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera

Author

Listed:
  • Bonnie B. Blaimer

    (Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery
    Smithsonian Institution)

  • Bernardo F. Santos

    (Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery
    Smithsonian Institution)

  • Astrid Cruaud

    (Université de Montpellier)

  • Michael W. Gates

    (Smithsonian Institution)

  • Robert R. Kula

    (Smithsonian Institution)

  • István Mikó

    (University of New Hampshire)

  • Jean-Yves Rasplus

    (Université de Montpellier)

  • David R. Smith

    (Smithsonian Institution)

  • Elijah J. Talamas

    (Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services)

  • Seán G. Brady

    (Smithsonian Institution)

  • Matthew L. Buffington

    (Smithsonian Institution)

Abstract

The order Hymenoptera (wasps, ants, sawflies, and bees) represents one of the most diverse animal lineages, but whether specific key innovations have contributed to its diversification is still unknown. We assembled the largest time-calibrated phylogeny of Hymenoptera to date and investigated the origin and possible correlation of particular morphological and behavioral innovations with diversification in the order: the wasp waist of Apocrita; the stinger of Aculeata; parasitoidism, a specialized form of carnivory; and secondary phytophagy, a reversal to plant-feeding. Here, we show that parasitoidism has been the dominant strategy since the Late Triassic in Hymenoptera, but was not an immediate driver of diversification. Instead, transitions to secondary phytophagy (from parasitoidism) had a major influence on diversification rate in Hymenoptera. Support for the stinger and the wasp waist as key innovations remains equivocal, but these traits may have laid the anatomical and behavioral foundations for adaptations more directly associated with diversification.

Suggested Citation

  • Bonnie B. Blaimer & Bernardo F. Santos & Astrid Cruaud & Michael W. Gates & Robert R. Kula & István Mikó & Jean-Yves Rasplus & David R. Smith & Elijah J. Talamas & Seán G. Brady & Matthew L. Buffingto, 2023. "Key innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-36868-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36868-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. John J. Wiens & Richard T. Lapoint & Noah K. Whiteman, 2015. "Herbivory increases diversification across insect clades," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Shao-Qian Zhang & Li-Heng Che & Yun Li & Liang & Hong Pang & Adam Ślipiński & Peng Zhang, 2018. "Evolutionary history of Coleoptera revealed by extensive sampling of genes and species," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Stilianos Louca & Matthew W. Pennell, 2020. "Extant timetrees are consistent with a myriad of diversification histories," Nature, Nature, vol. 580(7804), pages 502-505, April.
    4. Daniel L. Rabosky & Francesco Santini & Jonathan Eastman & Stephen A. Smith & Brian Sidlauskas & Jonathan Chang & Michael E. Alfaro, 2013. "Rates of speciation and morphological evolution are correlated across the largest vertebrate radiation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-8, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. David Peris & Fabien L. Condamine, 2024. "The angiosperm radiation played a dual role in the diversification of insects and insect pollinators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.

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