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RG/RGG repeats in the C. elegans homologs of Nucleolin and GAR1 contribute to sub-nucleolar phase separation

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  • Emily L. Spaulding

    (The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory)

  • Alexis M. Feidler

    (The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory)

  • Lio A. Cook

    (The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory)

  • Dustin L. Updike

    (The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory)

Abstract

The intrinsically disordered RG/RGG repeat domain is found in several nucleolar and P-granule proteins, but how it influences their phase separation into biomolecular condensates is unclear. We survey all RG/RGG repeats in C. elegans and uncover nucleolar and P-granule-specific RG/RGG motifs. An uncharacterized protein, K07H8.10, contains the longest nucleolar-like RG/RGG domain in C. elegans. Domain and sequence similarity, as well as nucleolar localization, reveals K07H8.10 (NUCL-1) to be the homolog of Nucleolin, a protein conserved across animals, plants, and fungi, but previously thought to be absent in nematodes. Deleting the RG/RGG repeats within endogenous NUCL-1 and a second nucleolar protein, GARR-1 (GAR1), demonstrates these domains are dispensable for nucleolar accumulation. Instead, their RG/RGG repeats contribute to the phase separation of proteins into nucleolar sub-compartments. Despite this common RG/RGG repeat function, only removal of the GARR-1 RG/RGG domain affects worm fertility and development, decoupling precise sub-nucleolar structure from nucleolar function.

Suggested Citation

  • Emily L. Spaulding & Alexis M. Feidler & Lio A. Cook & Dustin L. Updike, 2022. "RG/RGG repeats in the C. elegans homologs of Nucleolin and GAR1 contribute to sub-nucleolar phase separation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-34225-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34225-5
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