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Global thermal spring distribution and relationship to endogenous and exogenous factors

Author

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  • G. Tamburello

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Bologna)

  • G. Chiodini

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Bologna)

  • G. Ciotoli

    (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia)

  • M. Procesi

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia)

  • D. Rouwet

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Bologna)

  • L. Sandri

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Bologna)

  • N. Carbonara

    (Università degli Studi di Bologna)

  • C. Masciantonio

    (Università degli Studi di Bologna)

Abstract

Here we present digitization and analysis of the thermal springs of the world dataset compiled by Gerald Ashley Waring in 1965 into a collection of analog maps. We obtain the geographic coordinates of ~6,000 geothermal spring areas, including complementary data (e.g., temperature, total dissolved solids, flow rate), making them available in electronic format. Using temperature and flow rate, we derive the heat discharged from 1483 thermal spring areas (between ~10−5 and ~103 MW, with a median value of ~0.5 MW and ~8300 MW in total). We integrate this data set with other global data sets to study the relationship between thermalism and endogenous and exogenous factors with a supervised machine learning algorithm. This analysis confirms a dominant role of the terrestrial heat flow, topography, volcanism and extensional tectonics. This data set offers new insights and will boost future studies in geothermal energy exploration.

Suggested Citation

  • G. Tamburello & G. Chiodini & G. Ciotoli & M. Procesi & D. Rouwet & L. Sandri & N. Carbonara & C. Masciantonio, 2022. "Global thermal spring distribution and relationship to endogenous and exogenous factors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-34115-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34115-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benaglia, Tatiana & Chauveau, Didier & Hunter, David R. & Young, Derek S., 2009. "mixtools: An R Package for Analyzing Mixture Models," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 32(i06).
    2. Giancarlo Tamburello & Silvia Pondrelli & Giovanni Chiodini & Dmitri Rouwet, 2018. "Global-scale control of extensional tectonics on CO2 earth degassing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Procesi, M. & Cantucci, B. & Buttinelli, M. & Armezzani, G. & Quattrocchi, F. & Boschi, E., 2013. "Strategic use of the underground in an energy mix plan: Synergies among CO2, CH4 geological storage and geothermal energy. Latium Region case study (Central Italy)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 104-131.
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