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A unique Toxoplasma gondii haplotype accompanied the global expansion of cats

Author

Listed:
  • Lokman Galal

    (Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT—Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth)

  • Frédéric Ariey

    (Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Service de Parasitologie Hôpital Cochin)

  • Meriadeg Ar Gouilh

    (DYNAMICURE U1311 INSERM, Université de Caen Normandie, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN
    Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Avenue Georges Clémenceau
    Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier—IRD 224—CNRS 5290))

  • Marie-Laure Dardé

    (Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT—Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth
    Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren)

  • Azra Hamidović

    (Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT—Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth)

  • Franck Letourneur

    (Plate-Forme Séquençage et Génomique, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Université de Paris)

  • Franck Prugnolle

    (IRL REHABS, International Research Laboratory REHABS, CNRS-NMU-UCBL, Nelson Mandela University George Campus)

  • Aurélien Mercier

    (Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT—Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth
    Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren)

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite of virtually all warm-blooded species, with all true cats (Felidae) as definitive hosts. It is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease causing substantial public health burden worldwide. Few intercontinental clonal lineages represent the large majority of isolates worldwide. Little is known about the evolutionary forces driving the success of these lineages, the timing and the mechanisms of their global dispersal. In this study, we analyse a set of 156 genomes and we provide estimates of T. gondii mutation rate and generation time. We elucidate how the evolution of T. gondii populations is intimately linked to the major events that have punctuated the recent history of cats. We show that a unique haplotype, whose length represents only 0.16% of the whole T. gondii genome, is common to all intercontinental lineages and hybrid populations derived from these lineages. This haplotype has accompanied wildcats (Felis silvestris) during their emergence from the wild to domestic settlements, their dispersal in the Old World, and their expansion in the last five centuries to the Americas. The selection of this haplotype is most parsimoniously explained by its role in sexual reproduction of T. gondii in domestic cats.

Suggested Citation

  • Lokman Galal & Frédéric Ariey & Meriadeg Ar Gouilh & Marie-Laure Dardé & Azra Hamidović & Franck Letourneur & Franck Prugnolle & Aurélien Mercier, 2022. "A unique Toxoplasma gondii haplotype accompanied the global expansion of cats," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33556-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33556-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Daniel John Lawson & Garrett Hellenthal & Simon Myers & Daniel Falush, 2012. "Inference of Population Structure using Dense Haplotype Data," PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(1), pages 1-16, January.
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