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Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 in Denmark

Author

Listed:
  • Frederik Plesner Lyngse

    (University of Copenhagen
    Danish Ministry of Health
    Statens Serum Institut)

  • Carsten Thure Kirkeby

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Matthew Denwood

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Lasse Engbo Christiansen

    (Technical University of Denmark)

  • Kåre Mølbak

    (Statens Serum Institut
    University of Copenhagen)

  • Camilla Holten Møller

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Robert Leo Skov

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Tyra Grove Krause

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Morten Rasmussen

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Raphael Niklaus Sieber

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Thor Bech Johannesen

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Troels Lillebaek

    (Statens Serum Institut
    University of Copenhagen)

  • Jannik Fonager

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Anders Fomsgaard

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Frederik Trier Møller

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Marc Stegger

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Maria Overvad

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Katja Spiess

    (Statens Serum Institut)

  • Laust Hvas Mortensen

    (Statistics Denmark
    University of Copenhagen)

Abstract

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and new variants emerge. Using nationwide Danish data, we estimate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 within households. Among 22,678 primary cases, we identified 17,319 secondary infections among 50,588 household contacts during a 1–7 day follow-up. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was 29% and 39% in households infected with Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, respectively. BA.2 was associated with increased susceptibility of infection for unvaccinated household contacts (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.99; 95%–CI 1.72-2.31), fully vaccinated contacts (OR 2.26; 95%–CI 1.95–2.62) and booster-vaccinated contacts (OR 2.65; 95%–CI 2.29–3.08), compared to BA.1. We also found increased infectiousness from unvaccinated primary cases infected with BA.2 compared to BA.1 (OR 2.47; 95%–CI 2.15–2.84), but not for fully vaccinated (OR 0.66; 95%–CI 0.57–0.78) or booster-vaccinated primary cases (OR 0.69; 95%–CI 0.59–0.82). Omicron BA.2 is inherently more transmissible than BA.1. Its immune-evasive properties also reduce the protective effect of vaccination against infection, but do not increase infectiousness of breakthrough infections from vaccinated individuals.

Suggested Citation

  • Frederik Plesner Lyngse & Carsten Thure Kirkeby & Matthew Denwood & Lasse Engbo Christiansen & Kåre Mølbak & Camilla Holten Møller & Robert Leo Skov & Tyra Grove Krause & Morten Rasmussen & Raphael Ni, 2022. "Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 in Denmark," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33498-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33498-0
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    1. Delphine Planas & Nell Saunders & Piet Maes & Florence Guivel-Benhassine & Cyril Planchais & Julian Buchrieser & William-Henry Bolland & Françoise Porrot & Isabelle Staropoli & Frederic Lemoine & Hélè, 2022. "Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization," Nature, Nature, vol. 602(7898), pages 671-675, February.
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    2. Lloyd A. C. Chapman & Maite Aubry & Noémie Maset & Timothy W. Russell & Edward S. Knock & John A. Lees & Henri-Pierre Mallet & Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau & Adam J. Kucharski, 2023. "Impact of vaccinations, boosters and lockdowns on COVID-19 waves in French Polynesia," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.

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