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Phylogeographic analysis reveals an ancient East African origin of human herpes simplex virus 2 dispersal out-of-Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Jennifer L. Havens

    (University of California San Diego)

  • Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer

    (Robert Koch Institute)

  • Kevin Merkel

    (Robert Koch Institute)

  • Sonia Burrel

    (AP-HP-Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
    Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP))

  • David Boutolleau

    (AP-HP-Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
    Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP))

  • Joel O. Wertheim

    (University of California San Diego)

Abstract

Human herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a ubiquitous, slowly evolving DNA virus. HSV-2 has two primary lineages, one found in West and Central Africa and the other found worldwide. Competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain how HSV-2 migrated out-of-Africa (i)HSV-2 followed human migration out-of-Africa 50-100 thousand years ago, or (ii)HSV-2 migrated via the trans-Atlantic slave trade 150-500 years ago. Limited geographic sampling and lack of molecular clock signal has precluded robust comparison. Here, we analyze newly sequenced HSV-2 genomes from Africa to resolve geography and timing of divergence events within HSV-2. Phylogeographic analysis consistently places the ancestor of worldwide dispersal in East Africa, though molecular clock is too slow to be detected using available data. Rates 4.2 × 10−8−5.6 × 10−8 substitutions/site/year, consistent with previous age estimates, suggest a worldwide dispersal 22-29 thousand years ago. Thus, HSV-2 likely migrated with humans from East Africa and dispersed after the Last Glacial Maximum.

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer L. Havens & Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer & Kevin Merkel & Sonia Burrel & David Boutolleau & Joel O. Wertheim, 2022. "Phylogeographic analysis reveals an ancient East African origin of human herpes simplex virus 2 dispersal out-of-Africa," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33214-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33214-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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