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Extremely confined gap plasmon modes: when nonlocality matters

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  • Sergejs Boroviks

    (University of Southern Denmark
    Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
    Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL))

  • Zhan-Hong Lin

    (Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology)

  • Vladimir A. Zenin

    (University of Southern Denmark)

  • Mario Ziegler

    (Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology)

  • Andrea Dellith

    (Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology)

  • P. A. D. Gonçalves

    (University of Southern Denmark)

  • Christian Wolff

    (University of Southern Denmark)

  • Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi

    (University of Southern Denmark
    University of Southern Denmark)

  • Jer-Shing Huang

    (Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
    Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
    Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica
    National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University)

  • N. Asger Mortensen

    (University of Southern Denmark
    University of Southern Denmark)

Abstract

Historically, the field of plasmonics has been relying on the framework of classical electrodynamics, with the local-response approximation of material response being applied even when dealing with nanoscale metallic structures. However, when the confinement of electromagnetic radiation approaches atomic scales, mesoscopic effects are anticipated to become observable, e.g., those associated with the nonlocal electrodynamic surface response of the electron gas. Here, we investigate nonlocal effects in propagating gap surface plasmon modes in ultrathin metal–dielectric–metal planar waveguides, exploiting monocrystalline gold flakes separated by atomic-layer-deposited aluminum oxide. We use scanning near-field optical microscopy to directly access the near-field of such confined gap plasmon modes and measure their dispersion relation via their complex-valued propagation constants. We compare our experimental findings with the predictions of the generalized nonlocal optical response theory to unveil signatures of nonlocal damping, which becomes appreciable for few-nanometer-sized dielectric gaps.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergejs Boroviks & Zhan-Hong Lin & Vladimir A. Zenin & Mario Ziegler & Andrea Dellith & P. A. D. Gonçalves & Christian Wolff & Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi & Jer-Shing Huang & N. Asger Mortensen, 2022. "Extremely confined gap plasmon modes: when nonlocality matters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30737-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30737-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ian Aupiais & Romain Grasset & Tingwen Guo & Dmitri Daineka & Javier Briatico & Sarah Houver & Luca Perfetti & Jean-Paul Hugonin & Jean-Jacques Greffet & Yannis Laplace, 2023. "Ultrasmall and tunable TeraHertz surface plasmon cavities at the ultimate plasmonic limit," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.

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