IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v13y2022i1d10.1038_s41467-022-30055-7.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Freezing and thawing magnetic droplet solitons

Author

Listed:
  • Martina Ahlberg

    (University of Gothenburg)

  • Sunjae Chung

    (University of Gothenburg
    Korea National University of Education)

  • Sheng Jiang

    (University of Gothenburg
    Northwestern Polytechnical University
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

  • Andreas Frisk

    (University of Gothenburg)

  • Maha Khademi

    (Shahid Beheshti University, Evin)

  • Roman Khymyn

    (University of Gothenburg)

  • Ahmad A. Awad

    (University of Gothenburg)

  • Q. Tuan Le

    (University of Gothenburg
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

  • Hamid Mazraati

    (KTH Royal Institute of Technology
    NanOsc AB)

  • Majid Mohseni

    (KTH Royal Institute of Technology
    Shahid Beheshti University, Evin)

  • Markus Weigand

    (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)

  • Iuliia Bykova

    (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)

  • Felix Groß

    (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)

  • Eberhard Goering

    (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)

  • Gisela Schütz

    (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)

  • Joachim Gräfe

    (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)

  • Johan Åkerman

    (University of Gothenburg
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Magnetic droplets are non-topological magnetodynamical solitons displaying a wide range of complex dynamic phenomena with potential for microwave signal generation. Bubbles, on the other hand, are internally static cylindrical magnetic domains, stabilized by external fields and magnetostatic interactions. In its original theory, the droplet was described as an imminently collapsing bubble stabilized by spin transfer torque and, in its zero-frequency limit, as equivalent to a bubble. Without nanoscale lateral confinement, pinning, or an external applied field, such a nanobubble is unstable, and should collapse. Here, we show that we can freeze dynamic droplets into static nanobubbles by decreasing the magnetic field. While the bubble has virtually the same resistance as the droplet, all signs of low-frequency microwave noise disappear. The transition is fully reversible and the bubble can be thawed back into a droplet if the magnetic field is increased under current. Whereas the droplet collapses without a sustaining current, the bubble is highly stable and remains intact for days without external drive. Electrical measurements are complemented by direct observation using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy, which corroborates the analysis and confirms that the bubble is stabilized by pinning.

Suggested Citation

  • Martina Ahlberg & Sunjae Chung & Sheng Jiang & Andreas Frisk & Maha Khademi & Roman Khymyn & Ahmad A. Awad & Q. Tuan Le & Hamid Mazraati & Majid Mohseni & Markus Weigand & Iuliia Bykova & Felix Groß &, 2022. "Freezing and thawing magnetic droplet solitons," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30055-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30055-7
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-30055-7
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-022-30055-7?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jacob Torrejon & Mathieu Riou & Flavio Abreu Araujo & Sumito Tsunegi & Guru Khalsa & Damien Querlioz & Paolo Bortolotti & Vincent Cros & Kay Yakushiji & Akio Fukushima & Hitoshi Kubota & Shinji Yuasa , 2017. "Neuromorphic computing with nanoscale spintronic oscillators," Nature, Nature, vol. 547(7664), pages 428-431, July.
    2. Sunjae Chung & Anders Eklund & Ezio Iacocca & Seyed Majid Mohseni & Sohrab R. Sani & Lake Bookman & Mark A. Hoefer & Randy K. Dumas & Johan Åkerman, 2016. "Erratum: Magnetic droplet nucleation boundary in orthogonal spin-torque nano-oscillators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-1, September.
    3. Miguel Romera & Philippe Talatchian & Sumito Tsunegi & Flavio Abreu Araujo & Vincent Cros & Paolo Bortolotti & Juan Trastoy & Kay Yakushiji & Akio Fukushima & Hitoshi Kubota & Shinji Yuasa & Maxence E, 2018. "Vowel recognition with four coupled spin-torque nano-oscillators," Nature, Nature, vol. 563(7730), pages 230-234, November.
    4. Sunjae Chung & Anders Eklund & Ezio Iacocca & Seyed Majid Mohseni & Sohrab R. Sani & Lake Bookman & Mark A. Hoefer & Randy K. Dumas & Johan Åkerman, 2016. "Magnetic droplet nucleation boundary in orthogonal spin-torque nano-oscillators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-8, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. S. Jiang & S. Chung & M. Ahlberg & A. Frisk & R. Khymyn & Q. Tuan Le & H. Mazraati & A. Houshang & O. Heinonen & J. Åkerman, 2024. "Magnetic droplet soliton pairs," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. S. Jiang & S. Chung & M. Ahlberg & A. Frisk & R. Khymyn & Q. Tuan Le & H. Mazraati & A. Houshang & O. Heinonen & J. Åkerman, 2024. "Magnetic droplet soliton pairs," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Klaus Raab & Maarten A. Brems & Grischa Beneke & Takaaki Dohi & Jan Rothörl & Fabian Kammerbauer & Johan H. Mentink & Mathias Kläui, 2022. "Brownian reservoir computing realized using geometrically confined skyrmion dynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. Xing Chen & Flavio Abreu Araujo & Mathieu Riou & Jacob Torrejon & Dafiné Ravelosona & Wang Kang & Weisheng Zhao & Julie Grollier & Damien Querlioz, 2022. "Forecasting the outcome of spintronic experiments with Neural Ordinary Differential Equations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Jong-Guk Choi & Jaehyeon Park & Min-Gu Kang & Doyoon Kim & Jae-Sung Rieh & Kyung-Jin Lee & Kab-Jin Kim & Byong-Guk Park, 2022. "Voltage-driven gigahertz frequency tuning of spin Hall nano-oscillators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    5. Ke Yang & Yanghao Wang & Pek Jun Tiw & Chaoming Wang & Xiaolong Zou & Rui Yuan & Chang Liu & Ge Li & Chen Ge & Si Wu & Teng Zhang & Ru Huang & Yuchao Yang, 2024. "High-order sensory processing nanocircuit based on coupled VO2 oscillators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Mitsumasa Nakajima & Katsuma Inoue & Kenji Tanaka & Yasuo Kuniyoshi & Toshikazu Hashimoto & Kohei Nakajima, 2022. "Physical deep learning with biologically inspired training method: gradient-free approach for physical hardware," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Steffen Wittrock & Salvatore Perna & Romain Lebrun & Katia Ho & Roberta Dutra & Ricardo Ferreira & Paolo Bortolotti & Claudio Serpico & Vincent Cros, 2024. "Non-hermiticity in spintronics: oscillation death in coupled spintronic nano-oscillators through emerging exceptional points," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    8. Miguel Romera & Philippe Talatchian & Sumito Tsunegi & Kay Yakushiji & Akio Fukushima & Hitoshi Kubota & Shinji Yuasa & Vincent Cros & Paolo Bortolotti & Maxence Ernoult & Damien Querlioz & Julie Grol, 2022. "Binding events through the mutual synchronization of spintronic nano-neurons," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    9. Zhiwei Chen & Wenjie Li & Zhen Fan & Shuai Dong & Yihong Chen & Minghui Qin & Min Zeng & Xubing Lu & Guofu Zhou & Xingsen Gao & Jun-Ming Liu, 2023. "All-ferroelectric implementation of reservoir computing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    10. Kilian D. Stenning & Jack C. Gartside & Luca Manneschi & Christopher T. S. Cheung & Tony Chen & Alex Vanstone & Jake Love & Holly Holder & Francesco Caravelli & Hidekazu Kurebayashi & Karin Everschor-, 2024. "Neuromorphic overparameterisation and few-shot learning in multilayer physical neural networks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    11. Xiangpeng Liang & Yanan Zhong & Jianshi Tang & Zhengwu Liu & Peng Yao & Keyang Sun & Qingtian Zhang & Bin Gao & Hadi Heidari & He Qian & Huaqiang Wu, 2022. "Rotating neurons for all-analog implementation of cyclic reservoir computing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    12. Zhuohui Liu & Qinghua Zhang & Donggang Xie & Mingzhen Zhang & Xinyan Li & Hai Zhong & Ge Li & Meng He & Dashan Shang & Can Wang & Lin Gu & Guozhen Yang & Kuijuan Jin & Chen Ge, 2023. "Interface-type tunable oxygen ion dynamics for physical reservoir computing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    13. Keqiang Zhu & Mario Carpentieri & Like Zhang & Bin Fang & Jialin Cai & Roman Verba & Anna Giordano & Vito Puliafito & Baoshun Zhang & Giovanni Finocchio & Zhongming Zeng, 2023. "Nonlinear amplification of microwave signals in spin-torque oscillators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    14. ZhuangEn Fu & Piumi I. Samarawickrama & John Ackerman & Yanglin Zhu & Zhiqiang Mao & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Wenyong Wang & Yuri Dahnovsky & Mingzhong Wu & TeYu Chien & Jinke Tang & Allan, 2024. "Tunneling current-controlled spin states in few-layer van der Waals magnets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    15. Liao, Zhiqiang & Ma, Kaijie & Tang, Siyi & Sarker, Md Shamim & Yamahara, Hiroyasu & Tabata, Hitoshi, 2021. "Phase locking of ultra-low power consumption stochastic magnetic bits induced by colored noise," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    16. Yang Yiling & Katharine Shapcott & Alina Peter & Johanna Klon-Lipok & Huang Xuhui & Andreea Lazar & Wolf Singer, 2023. "Robust encoding of natural stimuli by neuronal response sequences in monkey visual cortex," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, December.
    17. Yiming Sun & Tao Lin & Na Lei & Xing Chen & Wang Kang & Zhiyuan Zhao & Dahai Wei & Chao Chen & Simin Pang & Linglong Hu & Liu Yang & Enxuan Dong & Li Zhao & Lei Liu & Zhe Yuan & Aladin Ullrich & Chris, 2023. "Experimental demonstration of a skyrmion-enhanced strain-mediated physical reservoir computing system," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    18. Yudi Dai & Junlin Xiong & Yanfeng Ge & Bin Cheng & Lizheng Wang & Pengfei Wang & Zenglin Liu & Shengnan Yan & Cuiwei Zhang & Xianghan Xu & Youguo Shi & Sang-Wook Cheong & Cong Xiao & Shengyuan A. Yang, 2024. "Interfacial magnetic spin Hall effect in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2/MoTe2 heterostructure," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    19. Chao Yun & Zhongyu Liang & Aleš Hrabec & Zhentao Liu & Mantao Huang & Leran Wang & Yifei Xiao & Yikun Fang & Wei Li & Wenyun Yang & Yanglong Hou & Jinbo Yang & Laura J. Heyderman & Pietro Gambardella , 2023. "Electrically programmable magnetic coupling in an Ising network exploiting solid-state ionic gating," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    20. Lukas Körber & Christopher Heins & Tobias Hula & Joo-Von Kim & Sonia Thlang & Helmut Schultheiss & Jürgen Fassbender & Katrin Schultheiss, 2023. "Pattern recognition in reciprocal space with a magnon-scattering reservoir," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30055-7. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.