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Population antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 212,102 individuals

Author

Listed:
  • Helen Ward

    (Imperial College London
    Imperial College London
    Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
    National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Matthew Whitaker

    (Imperial College London)

  • Barnaby Flower

    (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
    Imperial College London)

  • Sonja N. Tang

    (Imperial College London)

  • Christina Atchison

    (Imperial College London)

  • Ara Darzi

    (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
    Institute of Global Health Innovation at Imperial College London)

  • Christl A. Donnelly

    (Imperial College London
    Imperial College London
    University of Oxford)

  • Alexandra Cann

    (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
    Imperial College London)

  • Peter J. Diggle

    (Lancaster University)

  • Deborah Ashby

    (Imperial College London)

  • Steven Riley

    (Imperial College London
    Imperial College London)

  • Wendy S. Barclay

    (Imperial College London)

  • Paul Elliott

    (Imperial College London
    Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
    National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
    School of Public Health, Imperial College London)

  • Graham S. Cooke

    (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
    National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
    Imperial College London)

Abstract

Population antibody surveillance helps track immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations at scale, and identify host factors that may affect antibody production. We analyse data from 212,102 vaccinated individuals within the REACT-2 programme in England, which uses self-administered lateral flow antibody tests in sequential cross-sectional community samples; 71,923 (33.9%) received at least one dose of BNT162b2 vaccine and 139,067 (65.6%) received ChAdOx1. For both vaccines, antibody positivity peaks 4-5 weeks after first dose and then declines. At least 21 days after second dose of BNT162b2, close to 100% of respondents test positive, while for ChAdOx1, this is significantly reduced, particularly in the oldest age groups (72.7% [70.9–74.4] at ages 75 years and above). For both vaccines, antibody positivity decreases with age, and is higher in females and those with previous infection. Antibody positivity is lower in transplant recipients, obese individuals, smokers and those with specific comorbidities. These groups will benefit from additional vaccine doses.

Suggested Citation

  • Helen Ward & Matthew Whitaker & Barnaby Flower & Sonja N. Tang & Christina Atchison & Ara Darzi & Christl A. Donnelly & Alexandra Cann & Peter J. Diggle & Deborah Ashby & Steven Riley & Wendy S. Barcl, 2022. "Population antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 212,102 individuals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-28527-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28527-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Matthew Whitaker & Bethan Davies & Christina Atchison & Wendy Barclay & Deborah Ashby & Ara Darzi & Steven Riley & Graham Cooke & Christl A. Donnelly & Marc Chadeau-Hyam & Paul Elliott & Helen Ward, 2023. "SARS-CoV-2 rapid antibody test results and subsequent risk of hospitalisation and death in 361,801 people," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. John S. Kim & Yifei Sun & Pallavi Balte & Mary Cushman & Rebekah Boyle & Russell P. Tracy & Linda M. Styer & Taison D. Bell & Michaela R. Anderson & Norrina B. Allen & Pamela J. Schreiner & Russell P., 2024. "Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Laura Pérez-Alós & Cecilie Bo Hansen & Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros & Johannes Roth Madsen & Line Dam Heftdal & Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch & Mia Marie Pries-Heje & Rafael Bayarri-Olmos & Ida Jarlhelt & Seb, 2023. "Previous immunity shapes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection risk," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.

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