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Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study

Author

Listed:
  • John S. Kim

    (University of Virginia School of Medicine
    Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons)

  • Yifei Sun

    (Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health)

  • Pallavi Balte

    (Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons)

  • Mary Cushman

    (Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont
    Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont)

  • Rebekah Boyle

    (Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont)

  • Russell P. Tracy

    (Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont)

  • Linda M. Styer

    (Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health)

  • Taison D. Bell

    (University of Virginia School of Medicine)

  • Michaela R. Anderson

    (University of Pennsylvania)

  • Norrina B. Allen

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

  • Pamela J. Schreiner

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Russell P. Bowler

    (National Jewish Health)

  • David A. Schwartz

    (University of Colorado School of Medicine)

  • Joyce S. Lee

    (University of Colorado School of Medicine)

  • Vanessa Xanthakis

    (Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
    Framingham Heart Study)

  • Margaret F. Doyle

    (Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont)

  • Elizabeth A. Regan

    (National Jewish Health)

  • Barry J. Make

    (National Jewish Health)

  • Alka M. Kanaya

    (University of California San Francisco)

  • Sally E. Wenzel

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, School of Public Health)

  • Josef Coresh

    (New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health
    New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health)

  • Carmen R. Isasi

    (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)

  • Laura M. Raffield

    (University of North Carolina)

  • Mitchell S. V. Elkind

    (Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
    Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health)

  • Virginia J. Howard

    (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

  • Victor E. Ortega

    (Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic)

  • Prescott Woodruff

    (University of California San Francisco)

  • Shelley A. Cole

    (Texas Biomedical Research Institute)

  • Joel M. Henderson

    (Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center)

  • Nicholas J. Mantis

    (Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health
    University at Albany)

  • Monica M. Parker

    (Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health)

  • Ryan T. Demmer

    (University of Minnesota
    Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
    College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic)

  • Elizabeth C. Oelsner

    (Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons)

Abstract

This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies. Anti-S1 antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021-August 2022 using Luminex-based microsphere immunoassays. Of 6245 participants, mean age was 73 years (range, 21-100), 58% were female, and 76% were non-Hispanic White. Nearly 52% of participants received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 48% received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Lower anti-S1 antibody levels are associated with age of 65 years or older, male sex, higher body mass index, smoking, diabetes, COPD and receipt of BNT16b2 vaccine (vs mRNA-1273). Participants with a prior infection, particularly those with a history of hospitalized illness, have higher anti-S1 antibody levels. These results suggest that adults with certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics may have less robust antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination and could be prioritized for more frequent re-vaccination.

Suggested Citation

  • John S. Kim & Yifei Sun & Pallavi Balte & Mary Cushman & Rebekah Boyle & Russell P. Tracy & Linda M. Styer & Taison D. Bell & Michaela R. Anderson & Norrina B. Allen & Pamela J. Schreiner & Russell P., 2024. "Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45468-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45468-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Helen Ward & Matthew Whitaker & Barnaby Flower & Sonja N. Tang & Christina Atchison & Ara Darzi & Christl A. Donnelly & Alexandra Cann & Peter J. Diggle & Deborah Ashby & Steven Riley & Wendy S. Barcl, 2022. "Population antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 212,102 individuals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. Davide F. Robbiani & Christian Gaebler & Frauke Muecksch & Julio C. C. Lorenzi & Zijun Wang & Alice Cho & Marianna Agudelo & Christopher O. Barnes & Anna Gazumyan & Shlomo Finkin & Thomas Hägglöf & Th, 2020. "Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals," Nature, Nature, vol. 584(7821), pages 437-442, August.
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