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Mobility patterns are associated with experienced income segregation in large US cities

Author

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  • Esteban Moro

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)

  • Dan Calacci

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Xiaowen Dong

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    University of Oxford)

  • Alex Pentland

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Traditional understanding of urban income segregation is largely based on static coarse-grained residential patterns. However, these do not capture the income segregation experience implied by the rich social interactions that happen in places that may relate to individual choices, opportunities, and mobility behavior. Using a large-scale high-resolution mobility data set of 4.5 million mobile phone users and 1.1 million places in 11 large American cities, we show that income segregation experienced in places and by individuals can differ greatly even within close spatial proximity. To further understand these fine-grained income segregation patterns, we introduce a Schelling extension of a well-known mobility model, and show that experienced income segregation is associated with an individual’s tendency to explore new places (place exploration) as well as places with visitors from different income groups (social exploration). Interestingly, while the latter is more strongly associated with demographic characteristics, the former is more strongly associated with mobility behavioral variables. Our results suggest that mobility behavior plays an important role in experienced income segregation of individuals. To measure this form of income segregation, urban researchers should take into account mobility behavior and not only residential patterns.

Suggested Citation

  • Esteban Moro & Dan Calacci & Xiaowen Dong & Alex Pentland, 2021. "Mobility patterns are associated with experienced income segregation in large US cities," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-24899-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24899-8
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    Cited by:

    1. S'andor Juh'asz & GergH{o} Pint'er & 'Ad'am Kov'acs & Endre Borza & Gergely M'onus & L'aszl'o LH{o}rincz & Bal'azs Lengyel, 2022. "Amenity complexity and urban locations of socio-economic mixing," Papers 2212.07280, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2023.
    2. Daniel Aaronson & Daniel Hartley & Bhashkar Mazumder, 2023. "The Lasting Impact of Historical Residential Security Maps on Experienced Segregation," Working Paper Series WP 2023-33, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    3. Shi, Shuyang & Wang, Lin & Wang, Xiaofan, 2022. "Uncovering the spatiotemporal motif patterns in urban mobility networks by non-negative tensor decomposition," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 606(C).
    4. Ling Yu & Pengjun Zhao & Junqing Tang & Liang Pang & Zhaoya Gong, 2023. "Social inequality of urban park use during the COVID-19 pandemic," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Pierre Magontier, Maximilian v. Ehrlich, Markus Schl pfer, 2022. "The Fragility of Urban Social Networks - Mobility as a City Glue -," Diskussionsschriften credresearchpaper38, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft - CRED.
    6. Sakiru Adebola Solarin & Carmen Lafuente & Luis A. Gil-Alana & Maria Jesus Gonzalez Blanch, 2022. "Inequality Persistence of 21 OECD Countries from 1870 to 2020: Linear and Non-Linear Fractional Integration Approaches," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 164(2), pages 711-725, November.
    7. Takahiro Yabe & Bernardo García Bulle Bueno & Xiaowen Dong & Alex Pentland & Esteban Moro, 2023. "Behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased income diversity of urban encounters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    8. Sandor Juhasz & Gergo Pinter & Adam Kovacs & Endre Borza & Gergely Monus & Laszlo Lorincz & Balazs Lengyel, 2022. "Amenity complexity and urban locations of socio-economic mixing," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 2232, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Nov 2022.
    9. Junwei Ma & Bo Li & Ali Mostafavi, 2024. "Characterizing urban lifestyle signatures using motif properties in network of places," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 51(4), pages 889-903, May.
    10. Bernardo García Bulle Bueno & Abigail L. Horn & Brooke M. Bell & Mohsen Bahrami & Burçin Bozkaya & Alex Pentland & Kayla Haye & Esteban Moro, 2024. "Effect of mobile food environments on fast food visits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    11. Kolkowski, Lukas & Cats, Oded & Dixit, Malvika & Verma, Trivik & Jenelius, Erik & Cebecauer, Matej & Rubensson, Isak Jarlebring, 2023. "Measuring activity-based social segregation using public transport smart card data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    12. Yujie Zhao & Xinyue Zhou, 2022. "Income and geographically constrained generosity," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(2), pages 766-787, June.
    13. Liu, Baoju & Tang, Zhongan & Deng, Min & Shi, Yan & He, Xiao & Huang, Bo, 2024. "Estimation of travel flux between urban blocks by combining spatio-temporal and purpose correlation," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    14. Becky PY Loo & Zhuangyuan Fan, 2023. "Social interaction in public space: Spatial edges, moveable furniture, and visual landmarks," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(9), pages 2510-2526, November.
    15. Takayuki Mizuno & Akihiro Kobayashi & Daisuke Kamisaka & Yoko Hata & Atsunori Minamikawa, 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spatial Separation of New and Existing Residents: Case Study of Tsukuba City in Greater Tokyo Area," The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 559-570, October.
    16. Leonardo Nicoletti & Mikhail Sirenko & Trivik Verma, 2023. "Disadvantaged communities have lower access to urban infrastructure," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(3), pages 831-849, March.
    17. Kim, Min Kyong & Bhattacharya, Jayanta & Bhattacharya, Joydeep, 2024. "Is income inequality linked to infectious disease prevalence? A hypothesis-generating study using tuberculosis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 345(C).
    18. I-Ting Chuang & Qingqing Chen & Ate Poorthuis, 2023. "Categorizing urban space based on visitor density and diversity: A view through social media data," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(6), pages 1471-1485, July.
    19. Sarina Dass & Daniel T. O’Brien & Alina Ristea, 2023. "Strategies and inequities in balancing recreation and COVID exposure when visiting green spaces," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(5), pages 1161-1177, June.

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