IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/lpe/efijnl/201802.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Income Inequality between Formal-Informal Employees Based on Education Group

Author

Listed:
  • Riska Dwi Wulandari

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University, Indonesia)

  • Susilo

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University, Indonesia)

  • Dias Satria

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University, Indonesia)

Abstract

Integrally, the informal sector deals with the formal sector with pro-cyclical nature or as a complementary sector. Such conditions allow for wage disparity between sectors even in the same education group. Thus, this study seeks to determine the determinants of wage inequality between formal and informal employees in skilled and unskilled workers in Indonesia in 2017 using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. The results showed that the discrimination factor had a greater influence than the endowment factor on wage inequality and the endowment factors that contributed to the increase in wage inequality between the two groups were age squared, experience, and job training.

Suggested Citation

  • Riska Dwi Wulandari & Susilo & Dias Satria, 2018. "Income Inequality between Formal-Informal Employees Based on Education Group," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, vol. 64, pages 25-42, Juni.
    • Handle: RePEc:lpe:efijnl:201802
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.lpem.org/repec/lpe/efijnl/201802.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lawrence F. Katz & Kevin M. Murphy, 1992. "Changes in Relative Wages, 1963–1987: Supply and Demand Factors," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(1), pages 35-78.
    2. Eliane El Badaoui & Eric Strobl & Frank Walsh, 2008. "Is There an Informal Employment Wage Penalty? Evidence from South Africa," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 56(3), pages 683-710, April.
    3. Stijn Broecke & Glenda Quintini & Marieke Vandeweyer, 2018. "Wage Inequality and Cognitive Skills: Reopening the Debate," NBER Chapters, in: Education, Skills, and Technical Change: Implications for Future US GDP Growth, pages 251-286, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Antràs, Pol & de Gortari, Alonso & Itskhoki, Oleg, 2017. "Globalization, inequality and welfare," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 387-412.
    5. Van Zanden, Jan Luiten, 2009. "The skill premium and the ‘Great Divergence’," European Review of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 13(1), pages 121-153, April.
    6. Alan S. Blinder, 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(4), pages 436-455.
    7. Lee, Jong-Wha & Wie, Dainn, 2015. "Technological Change, Skill Demand, and Wage Inequality: Evidence from Indonesia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 238-250.
    8. repec:pru:wpaper:29 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Viktor Pirmana, 2006. "Earnings Differential Between Male-Female In Indonesia: Evidence From Sakernas Data," Working Papers in Economics and Development Studies (WoPEDS) 200608, Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University, revised Aug 2006.
    10. Ctirad Slavík & Hakki Yazici, 2022. "Wage Risk and the Skill Premium," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(646), pages 2207-2230.
    11. Hong Zuo, 2013. "The Earnings Differential between Formal and Informal Employees in Urban China," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 7(3), September.
    12. Ben Jann, 2008. "A Stata implementation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition," ETH Zurich Sociology Working Papers 5, ETH Zurich, Chair of Sociology, revised 14 May 2008.
    13. Xue, Jinjun & Gao, Wenshu & Guo, Lin, 2014. "Informal employment and its effect on the income distribution in urban China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 84-93.
    14. Bound, John & Johnson, George, 1992. "Changes in the Structure of Wages in the 1980's: An Evaluation of Alternative Explanations," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(3), pages 371-392, June.
    15. Blaise Melly, 2005. "Public-private sector wage differentials in Germany: Evidence from quantile regression," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 505-520, September.
    16. Ariel Burstein & Jonathan Vogel, 2017. "International Trade, Technology, and the Skill Premium," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 125(5), pages 1356-1412.
    17. Coulibaly, Salifou K. & Erbao, Cao & Metuge Mekongcho, T., 2018. "Economic globalization, entrepreneurship, and development," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 271-280.
    18. Lamazi & Syamsurijal A.K & NurlinaTarmizi & Tatang A.M Sariman, 2016. "Analysis Factors That Influence Wage Disparity Between Female Workers In Urban And Rural Areas In South Sumatera," Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, Eurasian Publications, vol. 4(3), pages 54-63.
    19. Keith Sill, 2002. "Widening the wage gap: the skill premium and technology," Business Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, issue Q4, pages 25-32.
    20. Losina Purnastuti & Paul W. Miller & Ruhul Salim, 2013. "Declining rates of return to education: evidence for Indonesia," Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(2), pages 213-236, August.
    21. Dasgupta, Sukti. & Bhula-or, Ruttiya. & Fakthong, Tiraphap., 2015. "Earnings differentials between formal and informal employment in Thailand," ILO Working Papers 994896403402676, International Labour Organization.
    22. Wang, Ming-cheng & Fang, Chen-ray & Huang, Li-hsuan, 2009. "International knowledge spillovers and wage inequality in developing countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 1208-1214, November.
    23. Julian Messina & Joana Silva, 2018. "Wage Inequality in Latin America," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 28682.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michel Lubrano & Abdoul Aziz Junior Ndoye, 2014. "Bayesian Unconditional Quantile Regression: An Analysis of Recent Expansions in Wage Structure and Earnings Inequality in the US 1992–2009," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 61(2), pages 129-153, May.
    2. Jakub Picka, 2014. "Problém "public-private pay gap" v České republice [The Public-Private Pay Gap in the Czech Republic]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2014(5), pages 662-682.
    3. Ferreira, Francisco H. G. & Firpo, Sergio & Messina, Julián, 2017. "Ageing Poorly? Accounting for the Decline in Earnings Inequality in Brazil, 1995-2012," IZA Discussion Papers 10656, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Shantanu Khanna & Deepti Goel & René Morissette, 2016. "Decomposition analysis of earnings inequality in rural India: 2004–2012," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-26, December.
    5. Borusyak, Kirill & Jaravel, Xavier, 2024. "Are trade wars class wars? The importance of trade-induced horizontal inequality," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    6. Lamazi & Syamsurijal A.K & NurlinaTarmizi & Tatang A.M Sariman, 2016. "Analysis Factors That Influence Wage Disparity Between Female Workers In Urban And Rural Areas In South Sumatera," Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, Eurasian Publications, vol. 4(3), pages 54-63.
    7. Koomen, Miriam & Backes-Gellner, Uschi, 2022. "Occupational tasks and wage inequality in West Germany: A decomposition analysis," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    8. Azam, Mehtabul, 2012. "Changes in Wage Structure in Urban India, 1983–2004: A Quantile Regression Decomposition," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(6), pages 1135-1150.
    9. Christine ABLAZA & Mark WESTERN & Wojtek TOMASZEWSKI, 2021. "Good jobs and bad jobs for Indonesia's informal workers," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 160(1), pages 143-168, March.
    10. Robert Baumann, 2006. "Changes in the Appalachian Wage Gap, 1970 to 2000," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3), pages 416-443, September.
    11. Adolfo Fuentes & Rodrigo Vergara, 2018. "Premio salarial en el sector público: evolución en el período 1990-2017," Estudios Públicos, Centro de Estudios Públicos, vol. 0(152), pages 7-45.
    12. Mustafizur Rahman & Debapriya Bhattacharya & Md Al-Hasan, 2019. "Dimensions of Informality in Bangladesh Labour Market and the Consequent Wage Penalty," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 20(2), pages 224-247, September.
    13. Szilvia Hamori & Anna Lovasz, 2011. "Can a fifty percent increase in public sector wages improve the position of public sector employees in the long run? An assessment of the public-private income gap in Hungary," Budapest Working Papers on the Labour Market 1106, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    14. Nuno Torres & Óscar Afonso & Isabel Soares, 2017. "Manufacturing Skill-biased Wage Inequality, Natural Resources and Institutions," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 1-29, November.
    15. Lovász, Anna & Altwicker-Hámori, Szilvia, 2013. "A köz- és a magánszféra kereseti különbségei Magyarországon, 2002-2008. Javíthat-e hosszú távon a közalkalmazottak relatív helyzetén egy 50 százalékos béremelés? [An assessment of Hungary s public/," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 500-522.
    16. Diego Emilio Linthon-Delgado & Lizethe Berenice Méndez-Heras, 2022. "Descomposición de la brecha salarial de género en el Ecuador," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 17(1), pages 1-25, Enero - M.
    17. Sébastien Breau & David L. Rigby, 2010. "International trade and wage inequality in Canada," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(1), pages 55-86, January.
    18. Mehic, Adrian, 2018. "Industrial employment and income inequality: Evidence from panel data," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 84-93.
    19. Cristóbal Huneeus & Andrea Repetto, 2005. "The Dynamics of Earnings in Chile," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Jorge Restrepo & Andrea Tokman R. & Norman Loayza (Series Editor) & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (Series Edi (ed.),Labor Markets and Institutions, edition 1, volume 8, chapter 12, pages 383-410, Central Bank of Chile.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:lpe:efijnl:201802. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Muhammad Halley Yudhistira (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/feuinid.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.