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A monetáris politika globális tendenciái és a stabilitási kockázatok
[Financial stability concerns and global exposure of monetary policy]

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  • Ábel, István

Abstract

A pénz- és tőkepiacok globálisan összekapcsolódó rendszerében a fejlett országok monetáris politikája meghatározó szerepet játszik a nemzeti monetáris politika mozgásterének kialakulásában. A szerző ennek a jelenségnek a monetáris transzmisszióra és a stabilitási kockázatokra gyakorolt hatásaival foglalkozik. A szabad tőkeáramlás és a pénzpiacok globalizációja új kihívásokat jelent e téren: a kötvénypiacok globális térnyerésével a befektetési alapok mára meghatározó tényezővé váltak a monetáris politika hatásmechanizmusában, s részben ezzel összefüggésben a monetáris politika közege kitágult, már nem elég a hazai körülményekre korlátozni a figyelmet. A belföldi inflációs tényezők szerepét háttérbe szorította a pénzügyi kockázat nemzetek közötti átterjedése. A fejlett országokban alkalmazott alacsony kamat és mennyiségi lazítás segítette a kockázat globális mérséklődését. A javuló kockázati környezetben a befektetési alapok portfólióikban növelték a nagyobb hozamú hosszabb lejáratú kötvények súlyát, és ezzel ők maguk megnövekedett kamatkockázatot vállaltak. A fejlett országokban a monetáris politika normalizálódása kamatemelkedéssel fog járni. Alacsony kamatok mellett viszonylag kis kamatemelés is nagy veszteségeket okozhat a meghosszabbodott lejáratokon, ami olyan tőkeáramlást (menekülést) indíthat el, amely aláássa a pénzügyi stabilitást. Az ebből adódó stabilitási kockázat független az ország pénzügyi rendszerének likviditásától, nyereségességétől vagy tőkeerejétől. Az ilyen kockázatok makroprudenciális eszközökkel nem kezelhetők. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E43, E52, F65.

Suggested Citation

  • Ábel, István, 2015. "A monetáris politika globális tendenciái és a stabilitási kockázatok [Financial stability concerns and global exposure of monetary policy]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 284-304.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1539
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F65 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Finance

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