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Political institutions and academic freedom: evidence from across the world

Author

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  • Niclas Berggren

    (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
    Prague University of Economics and Business)

  • Christian Bjørnskov

    (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
    Aarhus University)

Abstract

There is scant systematic empirical evidence on what explains variation in academic freedom. Making use of a new indicator and panel data covering 64 countries 1960–2017, we investigate how de facto academic freedom is affected by, in particular, political institutions. We find that moving to electoral democracy is positive, as is moving to electoral autocracy from other autocratic systems, suggesting the importance of elections. Communism has a strongly detrimental effect. Legislatures that are bicameral are associated with more academic freedom, while legislatures that become more diverse and more ideologically to the right also seem to stimulate this type of freedom. Presidentialism and coups do not appear to matter much, while more proportional electoral systems strengthen academic freedom. More judicial accountability stimulates academic freedom, and richer countries experience more of it. The results suggest that the political sphere exerts a clear but complex influence on the degree to which scholarly activities are free.

Suggested Citation

  • Niclas Berggren & Christian Bjørnskov, 2022. "Political institutions and academic freedom: evidence from across the world," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 190(1), pages 205-228, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:pubcho:v:190:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s11127-021-00931-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11127-021-00931-9
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    Cited by:

    1. Salvatore Capasso & Rajeev K. Goel & James W. Saunoris, 2023. "The nexus between corruption and academic freedom: An international investigation of the underlying linkages," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 41(3), pages 513-531, July.
    2. Antoci, Angelo & Sabatini, Fabio & Sacco, Pier Luigi & Sodini, Mauro, 2022. "Experts vs. policymakers in the COVID-19 policy response," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 22-39.
    3. Posso, Alberto & Zhang, Quanda, 2023. "Social R&D: Does academic freedom contribute to improved societal outcomes?," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    4. Luca Farè & David B. Audretsch & Marcus Dejardin, 2023. "Does democracy foster entrepreneurship?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 1461-1495, December.
    5. Janika Spannagel & Katrin Kinzelbach, 2023. "The Academic Freedom Index and Its indicators: Introduction to new global time-series V-Dem data," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(5), pages 3969-3989, October.
    6. Niclas Berggren & Christian Bjørnskov, 2022. "Academic freedom, institutions, and productivity," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 88(4), pages 1313-1342, April.
    7. Berggren, Niclas & Bjørnskov, Christian, 2024. "Economic freedom and academic freedom across nations," Journal of Institutional Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20, pages 1-1, January.
    8. Salvatore Capasso & Rajeev K. Goel & James W. Saunoris, 2022. "The Nexus between Corruption and Academic Freedom: An International Examination Using Mediation Analysis," CESifo Working Paper Series 9890, CESifo.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Academic freedom; Politics; Democracy; Institutions; Ideology;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions
    • K40 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - General

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