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Two effective causal paths that explain the adoption of US state environmental justice policy

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  • Yushim Kim

    (Arizona State University)

  • Stefan Verweij

    (University of Bamberg)

Abstract

Over two decades have passed since the federal policy on environmental justice (EO 12898) was issued. However, empirical evidence indicates that injustice persists and that US states vary in their adoption of the terms of the environmental justice (EJ) policy. Moreover, studies of the explanations for the variation in states’ adoption of EJ policy are rare and have yielded puzzling findings—e.g., environmental interest groups are not associated with states’ EJ policy adoption, or the severity of problems is associated inversely with their adoption. We examined the progress and variation in states’ EJ policy adoption as of 2005 using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Our analysis showed first that a strong environmental interest group presence, combined with high racial diversity and low problem severity, is sufficient for a high level of EJ policy adoption, especially in Western states. Second, when environmental interest group presence is weak, if it is combined, again, with high racial diversity and the presence of a more liberal state government, a high level of EJ policy adoption also occurs. This is observed in the East coast, Midwestern, and Southern regions of the USA. Environmental politics and policy research can benefit from a configurational approach, especially when there is no guiding theory on the conjunctional effects of key factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Yushim Kim & Stefan Verweij, 2016. "Two effective causal paths that explain the adoption of US state environmental justice policy," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 49(4), pages 505-523, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:policy:v:49:y:2016:i:4:d:10.1007_s11077-016-9249-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11077-016-9249-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amy Ando & Wallapak Polasub, 2009. "The political economy of state-level adoption of natural resource damage programs," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 35(3), pages 312-330, June.
    2. Evan J. Ringquist, 2005. "Assessing evidence of environmental inequities: A meta-analysis," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(2), pages 223-247.
    3. Robin R. Sobotta & Heather E. Campbell & Beverly J. Owens, 2007. "Aviation Noise And Environmental Justice: The Barrio Barrier," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(1), pages 125-154, February.
    4. David M. Konisky & Neal D. Woods, 2012. "Measuring State Environmental Policy," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 29(4), pages 544-569, July.
    5. Ragin, Charles C., 2000. "Fuzzy-Set Social Science," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226702773, June.
    6. repec:ucp:bkecon:9780226702766 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Paiola, Marco & Khvatova, Tatiana & Schiavone, Francesco & Jabeen, Fauzia, 2022. "Paths toward advanced service-oriented business models: A configurational analysis of small- and medium-sized incumbent manufacturers11A previous version of the present article was presented at the EI," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    2. Shannon Conley & David M Konisky & Megan Mullin, 2023. "Delivering on Environmental Justice? U.S. State Implementation of the Justice40 Initiative," Publius: The Journal of Federalism, CSF Associates Inc., vol. 53(3), pages 349-377.
    3. Andrew R. Duggan & Douglas A. Carr & Wenli Yan, 2022. "Conditional impacts of political and fiscal factors on state environmental budgets," Public Budgeting & Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(2), pages 127-147, June.
    4. Sunyoung Pyo, 2020. "Contingency factors explaining policy adoption: body-worn camera policy across US states," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 53(3), pages 413-435, September.
    5. Daniel Benjamin Bailey & Sung‐Wook Kwon & Nathaniel Wright, 2023. "Pay to protect: Examining the factors of the use of market‐based instruments for local water sustainability," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(2), pages 207-229, March.

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