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Adapting Productivity Theory to the Quadratic Cost Function. An Application to the Spanish Electric Sector

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  • E. Martínez-Budría
  • S. Jara-Díaz
  • F. Ramos-Real

Abstract

In this article we have adapted productivity analysis to the case of a cost model using a quadratic cost function and discrete data. The main theoretical result is a productivity index that can be decomposed into modified versions of the contribution of technical change and the effect of the variations in the scale of production. This framework has been applied to the study of the Spanish electric sector from 1985 to 1996, during which relevant regulatory changes were introduced in order to increase productivity. For this, a normalized quadratic cost function was estimated. The results show important productivity gains with both technical change and scale effect playing important roles. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 2003

Suggested Citation

  • E. Martínez-Budría & S. Jara-Díaz & F. Ramos-Real, 2003. "Adapting Productivity Theory to the Quadratic Cost Function. An Application to the Spanish Electric Sector," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 213-229, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jproda:v:20:y:2003:i:2:p:213-229
    DOI: 10.1023/A:1025184306832
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Diewert, W. E., 1976. "Exact and superlative index numbers," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 115-145, May.
    2. Lau, Lawrence J., 1976. "A characterization of the normalized restricted profit function," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 131-163, February.
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    1. Martinez-Budria, Eduardo & Diaz-Hernandez, Juan Jose & Jara-Däaz, Sergio, 2011. "Productivity and efficiency with discrete variables and quadratic cost function," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(2), pages 251-257, August.
    2. Mehdi Farsi & Aurelio Fetz & Massimo Filippini, 2007. "Economies of Scale and Scope in the Swiss Multi-Utilities Sector," CEPE Working paper series 07-59, CEPE Center for Energy Policy and Economics, ETH Zurich.
    3. Klaus Gugler & Mario Liebensteiner, 2016. "Productivity Growth and the General X-factor in Austria’s Gas Distribution," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp236, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
    4. Jéssica Dutra & Tarun Sabarwal, 2020. "Antitrust analysis with upward pricing pressure and cost efficiencies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-31, January.
    5. Gugler, Klaus & Liebensteiner, Mario & Schmitt, Stephan, 2017. "Vertical disintegration in the European electricity sector: Empirical evidence on lost synergies," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 450-478.
    6. Fetz, Aurelio & Filippini, Massimo, 2010. "Economies of vertical integration in the Swiss electricity sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 1325-1330, November.
    7. Thomas P. Triebs & David S. Saal & Pablo Arocena & Subal C. Kumbhakar, 2016. "Estimating economies of scale and scope with flexible technology," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 173-186, April.
    8. Sergio Jara-Díaz & Francisco Ramos-Real, 2011. "The effect of output specification on the optimal policy design for electric utilities," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 62-81, August.
    9. Yip, Tsz Leung & Sun, Xin Yu & Liu, John J., 2011. "Group and individual heterogeneity in a stochastic frontier model: Container terminal operators," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 213(3), pages 517-525, September.
    10. Mehdi Farsi & Aurelio Fetz & Massimo Filippini, 2008. "Economies of Scale and Scope in Multi-Utilities," The Energy Journal, , vol. 29(4), pages 123-144, October.
    11. Jessica Dutra & Tarun Sabarwal, 2018. "Cost Efficiencies and Upward Pricing Pressure," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 201901, University of Kansas, Department of Economics.
    12. Massimo Filippini & Martin Koller & Urs Trinkner, 2010. "Do opening hours and unobserved heterogeneity affect economies of scale and scope in postal outlets?," Quaderni della facoltà di Scienze economiche dell'Università di Lugano 1007, USI Università della Svizzera italiana.
    13. Floris Montfoort & Peter T. Dijkstra & Machiel Mulder, 2024. "The impact of energy transition on distribution network costs and effectiveness of yardstick competition: an empirical analysis for the Netherlands," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 65(1), pages 85-107, June.
    14. Farsi, Mehdi & Filippini, Massimo, 2009. "An analysis of cost efficiency in Swiss multi-utilities," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 306-315, March.
    15. Ruhang Xu & Zhilin Liu & Zhuangzhuang Yu, 2019. "Exploring the Profitability and Efficiency of Variable Renewable Energy in Spot Electricity Market: Uncovering the Locational Price Disadvantages," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-30, July.
    16. Gabriel Mathy, 2023. "Eliminating Environmental Costs to Proof-of-Work-Based Cryptocurrencies: A Proposal," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 49(2), pages 206-220, April.
    17. Maria Molinos-Senante & Alexandros Maziotis, 2021. "Productivity growth, economies of scale and scope in the water and sewerage industry: The Chilean case," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, May.
    18. Arcos, Angel & de Toledo, Pablo Alvarez, 2009. "An analysis of the Spanish electrical utility industry: Economies of scale, technological progress and efficiency," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 473-481, May.
    19. Gugler, Klaus & Liebensteiner, Mario, 2019. "Productivity growth and incentive regulation in Austria's gas distribution," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    20. Ramos-Real, Francisco Javier, 2005. "Cost functions and the electric utility industry. A contribution to the debate on deregulation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 69-87, January.
    21. Massimo Filippini & Martin Koller & Urs Trinkner, 2010. "Economies of scale and scope and opening hours in post offices and agencies," Chapters, in: Michael A. Crew & Paul R. Kleindorfer (ed.), Heightening Competition in the Postal and Delivery Sector, chapter 10, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    22. Lucas Llach & Pablo Schiaffino, 2017. "The Classics, Keynes, and the Keynesians: A Unified Formalization," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 43(3), pages 530-551, June.

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