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Financial inclusion and underground economy nexus in West Africa: evidence from dynamic heterogeneous panel techniques

Author

Listed:
  • Musa Abdullahi Sakanko

    (University of Jos)

  • Joseph David

    (Lagos Business School)

  • Nurudeen Abu

    (Baba-Ahmed University, Phase 1, Sharada Industrial Estate)

  • Awadh Ahmed Mohammed Gamal

    (Sultan Idris Education University)

Abstract

We employ dynamic heterogeneous panel estimation techniques which include Dynamic Fixed Effects, Mean Group, and Pooled Mean Group estimators to explore the underground economy (UE) and financial inclusion (FI) relation for ten West African nations during the 2004–2021 period. Applying Pedroni cointegration test, the results present evidence of a long-term relation between UE and FI (alongside corruption, inflation rate, money supply, agricultural output, and trade). The results of panel estimation portray a long-term significant positive influence of FI on UE, but a short-term significant negative relation between FI and UE. In addition, corruption, money supply, and international trade have a long-term significant negative influence on UE, while inflation supports long-term expansion of UE. Also, a short-term significant negative relation exists between inflation (and trade) and UE, while a short-term significant positive relation is found between money supply and UE. The results of Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test signal a one-way causality from FI to UE. Therefore, policies geared toward enhancing FI, reducing corruption and money supply, and improving international trade are recommended to reduce UE.

Suggested Citation

  • Musa Abdullahi Sakanko & Joseph David & Nurudeen Abu & Awadh Ahmed Mohammed Gamal, 2024. "Financial inclusion and underground economy nexus in West Africa: evidence from dynamic heterogeneous panel techniques," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:ecopln:v:57:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s10644-024-09589-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10644-024-09589-x
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    Cited by:

    1. Aamir Aijaz Syed, 2024. "The moderating role of governance, banking regulation, and supervision on shadow economy, financial inclusion, and financial stability nexus: a case of G5 economies," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(6), pages 1-31, December.
    2. Joseph David, 2024. "The role of corruption in the oil price–growth relationship: Insights from oil-rich economies," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(6), pages 1-32, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Underground economy; Financial inclusion; PMG; West Africa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • H30 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - General
    • N27 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Africa; Oceania

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