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A multi-country, multi-sector replication challenge to the validity of the cultural tightness-looseness measure

Author

Listed:
  • Len J. Treviño

    (Florida Atlantic University)

  • Carolyn P. Egri

    (Simon Fraser University)

  • David A. Ralston

    (University Fellows International Research Consortium)

  • Irina Naoumova

    (University of Hartford)

  • Olivier Furrer

    (University of Fribourg)

  • Yongjuan Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Fidel León Darder

    (University of Valencia)

  • María Teresa Garza Carranza

    (Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya)

Abstract

In this study, we assess the internal and external validity of Gelfand et al.’s (2011) recently developed measure of cultural tightness-looseness (CTL). Our study is composed of six countries (China, Mexico, Netherlands Russia, Spain, U.S.) with three subsamples (business professionals, K-12 teachers, college students) per country. For these 18 subsamples, confirmatory factor analyses failed to support the unidimensional structure of the 6-item CTL measure. Exploratory factor analyses provided further evidence that the 6-item CTL measure does not have a unidimensional structure across cultures. Additionally, inter-rater agreement analyses did not support the use of aggregated scores to construct country-level scores for the CTL index. We also found that country rankings of CTL scores (in total and for subsamples) were substantively different from those reported by Gelfand et al. (2011). Further country-level correlation analyses yielded mixed support for the external validity of the CTL scores. We conclude with a commentary on the implications of our study for cross-cultural research.

Suggested Citation

  • Len J. Treviño & Carolyn P. Egri & David A. Ralston & Irina Naoumova & Olivier Furrer & Yongjuan Li & Fidel León Darder & María Teresa Garza Carranza, 2021. "A multi-country, multi-sector replication challenge to the validity of the cultural tightness-looseness measure," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 735-764, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:asiapa:v:38:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10490-019-09682-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10490-019-09682-0
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    1. David A. Ralston & Craig J. Russell & Jane Terpstra-Tong & Len J. Trevino & Prem Ramburuth & Malika Richards & Tania Casado & María Teresa Garza Carranza & Irina Naoumova & Yongjuan Li & Narasimhan Sr, 2024. "Are societal-level values still relevant measures in the twenty-first century businessworld? A 39-society analysis," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 1-44, March.

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