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Assessing the cross-national invariance of formative measures: Guidelines for international business researchers

Author

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  • Adamantios Diamantopoulos

    (Department of Business Administration, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria)

  • Nicolas Papadopoulos

    (Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada)

Abstract

The importance of establishing equivalence in measurement prior to conducting substantive cross-country comparisons has long been emphasized in international business research. However, all approaches currently available for the investigation of measurement equivalence or invariance (ME/I) assume that the focal measures are reflective in nature. In our paper we offer guidelines for the assessment of ME/I when the focal construct is measured with formative indicators. We first identify distinct types of ME/I that are conceptually consistent with the nature of formative measurement models. We then describe a step-by-step procedure that can be employed to test for these types of ME/I in a comparative context. Lastly, we illustrate the application of the proposed procedure with data from a three-country survey on consumers’ product-country image perceptions.

Suggested Citation

  • Adamantios Diamantopoulos & Nicolas Papadopoulos, 2010. "Assessing the cross-national invariance of formative measures: Guidelines for international business researchers," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(2), pages 360-370, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jintbs:v:41:y:2010:i:2:p:360-370
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    1. Zhang, Jianhong & Nijhof, André & Zaman, Syeda Sazia & Dutta, Mitul & Yesmin, Sakila, 2020. "What drives parents to consider center-based child care for their children? The case of Bangladesh," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    2. Lindner, Thomas & Puck, Jonas, 2024. "Information distance: Conceptual development and empirical tests of a novel measure of cross-national distance," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 30(2).
    3. Zhang, Jianhong & Zhou, Chaohong & van Gorp, Désirée M. & van Witteloostuijn, Arjen, 2020. "Willingness to work for multinational enterprises from emerging countries: The case of Chinese multinational enterprises in the Netherlands," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(5).
    4. Héctor Hugo Pérez-Villarreal & María Pilar Martínez-Ruiz & Alicia Izquierdo-Yusta & Carmen María Gómez-Cantó, 2020. "Food Values, Benefits and Their Influence on Attitudes and Purchase Intention: Evidence Obtained at Fast-Food Hamburger Restaurants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Zoran Rakicevic & Katarina Njegic & Maja Cogoljevic & Jovana Rakicevic, 2023. "Mediated Effect of Entrepreneurial Education on Students’ Intention to Engage in Social Entrepreneurial Projects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, March.
    6. María Núñez-Fernández & Héctor Hugo Pérez-Villarreal & Yesica Mayett-Moreno, 2021. "Comparing Models with Positive Anticipated Emotions, Food Values, Attitudes and Subjective Norms as Influential Factors in Fast-Food Purchase Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Channels: Re," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-16, November.
    7. Zhang, Jianhong & van Gorp, Désirée & Ebbers, Haico & Zhou, Chaohong & Kievit, Henk, 2022. "Organizational legitimacy of emerging multinational enterprises: An individual perspective," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(6).
    8. Walter, Sascha G. & Block, Jörn H., 2016. "Outcomes of entrepreneurship education: An institutional perspective," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 216-233.
    9. Sánchez-Infante Hernández, Juan Pablo & Yañez-Araque, Benito & Moreno-García, Juan, 2020. "Moderating effect of firm size on the influence of corporate social responsibility in the economic performance of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    10. Lafuente Ruiz de Sabando, Amaia & Forcada Sainz, Francisco Javier & Zorrilla Calvo, María Pilar, 2018. "The university image: a model of overall image and stakeholder perspectives," Cuadernos de Gestión, Universidad del País Vasco - Instituto de Economía Aplicada a la Empresa (IEAE).
    11. Len J. Treviño & Carolyn P. Egri & David A. Ralston & Irina Naoumova & Olivier Furrer & Yongjuan Li & Fidel León Darder & María Teresa Garza Carranza, 2021. "A multi-country, multi-sector replication challenge to the validity of the cultural tightness-looseness measure," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 735-764, June.
    12. Bèzes, Christophe, 2014. "Definition and psychometric validation of a measurement index common to website and store images," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(12), pages 2559-2578.
    13. Herman Aguinis & Ravi S Ramani & Wayne F Cascio, 2020. "Methodological practices in international business research: An after-action review of challenges and solutions," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(9), pages 1593-1608, December.
    14. Ulaga, Wolfgang, 2011. "Investigating customer value in global business markets: Commentary essay," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 64(8), pages 928-930, August.
    15. Diamantopoulos, Adamantios & Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, Maja & Moschik, Nicole, 2020. "Are consumers' minds or hearts guiding country of origin effects? Conditioning roles of need for cognition and need for affect," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 487-495.
    16. Adamantios Diamantopoulos & Dirk Temme, 2013. "MIMIC models, formative indicators and the joys of research," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 3(3), pages 160-170, September.

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