IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/apfinm/v31y2024i3d10.1007_s10690-023-09430-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Stock Returns, Crude Oil and Gold Prices in Turkey: Evidence from Rolling Window-Based Nonparametric Quantile Causality Test

Author

Listed:
  • Ugur Korkut Pata

    (Osmaniye Korkut Ata University
    Lebanese American University
    Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC))

  • Ojonugwa Usman

    (Istanbul Ticaret University)

  • Godwin Olasehinde-Williams

    (Istanbul Ticaret University)

  • Oktay Ozkan

    (Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University)

Abstract

This study explores the time-varying effects of crude oil prices (OP) and gold prices (GP) on the Turkish stock market using a weekly data series from November 26, 1989 to July 10, 2022. For this purpose, we develop a new hybrid technique, the rolling window-based nonparametric quantile causality test, which allows the investigation of time-varying causality at various quantiles. The results reveal that (i) under all market conditions, there is time-varying causality from crude OP and GP to Turkish stock market returns (SMR) and volatility. (ii) The causal effects of both crude OP and GP on stock market volatility are larger than their causal effects on SMR. (iii) The crude OP have a greater impact on SMR than the GP, while the GP has a greater impact on stock market volatility than the crude OP. (iv) Both crude OP and GP have the strongest (least) causal impact on SMR and volatility under normal (bullish) market conditions. (v) Crude OP and GP have a greater impact on stock market volatility than on stock returns under all market conditions. Overall, our results highlight that OP and GP have a strong impact on the Turkish stock market, and this impact varies by returns and volatility. Therefore, financial investors should consider the volatility of crude OP and GP in the Turkish stock market.

Suggested Citation

  • Ugur Korkut Pata & Ojonugwa Usman & Godwin Olasehinde-Williams & Oktay Ozkan, 2024. "Stock Returns, Crude Oil and Gold Prices in Turkey: Evidence from Rolling Window-Based Nonparametric Quantile Causality Test," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 31(3), pages 779-797, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:apfinm:v:31:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s10690-023-09430-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10690-023-09430-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10690-023-09430-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10690-023-09430-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gharib, Cheima & Mefteh-Wali, Salma & Jabeur, Sami Ben, 2021. "The bubble contagion effect of COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from crude oil and gold markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    2. Yonghong Jiang & Gengyu Tian & Bin Mo, 2020. "Spillover and quantile linkage between oil price shocks and stock returns: new evidence from G7 countries," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Mustafa Tevfik Kartal & Serpil Kiliç Depren & Özer Depren, 2021. "How Main Stock Exchange Indices React to Covid-19 Pandemic: Daily Evidence from East Asian Countries," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(1), pages 54-71, January.
    4. Singhal, Shelly & Choudhary, Sangita & Biswal, Pratap Chandra, 2019. "Return and volatility linkages among International crude oil price, gold price, exchange rate and stock markets: Evidence from Mexico," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 255-261.
    5. Boako, Gideon & Alagidede, Imhotep Paul & Sjo, Bo & Uddin, Gazi Salah, 2020. "Commodities price cycles and their interdependence with equity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    6. Balcilar, Mehmet & Thompson, Kirsten & Gupta, Rangan & van Eyden, Reneé, 2016. "Testing the asymmetric effects of financial conditions in South Africa: A nonlinear vector autoregression approach," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 30-43.
    7. Pata, Ugur Korkut & Yilanci, Veli & Zhang, Qianxiao & Shah, Syed Ale Raza, 2022. "Does financial development promote renewable energy consumption in the USA? Evidence from the Fourier-wavelet quantile causality test," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 432-443.
    8. Papapetrou, Evangelia, 2001. "Oil price shocks, stock market, economic activity and employment in Greece," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 511-532, September.
    9. Umut Halaç & Fatma Dilvin Taşkın & Efe Çağlar Çağlı, 2013. "The Turkish Stock Market Integration with Oil Prices: Cointegration Analysis with Unknown Regime Shifts," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 60(4), pages 499-513, June.
    10. Annastiina Silvennoinen & Susan Thorp, 2016. "Crude Oil and Agricultural Futures: An Analysis of Correlation Dynamics," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(6), pages 522-544, June.
    11. Junttila, Juha & Pesonen, Juho & Raatikainen, Juhani, 2018. "Commodity market based hedging against stock market risk in times of financial crisis: The case of crude oil and gold," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 255-280.
    12. Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2021. "Hedging stocks with oil," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    13. Rizwan Ali & Inayat Ullah Mangla & Ramiz Ur Rehman & Wuzhao Xue & Muhammad Akram Naseem & Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, 2020. "Exchange Rate, Gold Price, and Stock Market Nexus: A Quantile Regression Approach," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-16, August.
    14. Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "Energy commodities, precious metals and industrial metal markets: A nexus across different investment horizons and market conditions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    15. Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Duc Khuong Nguyen & Mark E. Wohar, 2018. "Causal effects of the United States and Japan on Pacific-Rim stock markets: nonparametric quantile causality approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(53), pages 5712-5727, November.
    16. Akyuz, Yilmaz & Boratav, Korkut, 2003. "The Making of the Turkish Financial Crisis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(9), pages 1549-1566, September.
    17. Kim, Jae H. & Shamsuddin, Abul & Lim, Kian-Ping, 2011. "Stock return predictability and the adaptive markets hypothesis: Evidence from century-long U.S. data," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 868-879.
    18. Mork, Knut Anton, 1989. "Oil and Macroeconomy When Prices Go Up and Down: An Extension of Hamilton's Results," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(3), pages 740-744, June.
    19. Liu, Haiying & Pata, Ugur Korkut & Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Karlilar, Selin & Caglar, Abdullah Emre, 2023. "Do oil and natural gas prices affect carbon efficiency? Daily evidence from China by wavelet transform-based approaches," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    20. Jeong, Kiho & Härdle, Wolfgang K. & Song, Song, 2012. "A Consistent Nonparametric Test For Causality In Quantile," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(4), pages 861-887, August.
    21. Jarque, Carlos M. & Bera, Anil K., 1980. "Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 255-259.
    22. Razzaq, Asif & Wang, Yufeng & Chupradit, Supat & Suksatan, Wanich & Shahzad, Farrukh, 2021. "Asymmetric inter-linkages between green technology innovation and consumption-based carbon emissions in BRICS countries using quantile-on-quantile framework," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    23. Nishiyama, Yoshihiko & Hitomi, Kohtaro & Kawasaki, Yoshinori & Jeong, Kiho, 2011. "A consistent nonparametric test for nonlinear causality—Specification in time series regression," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 165(1), pages 112-127.
    24. Haiqi Li & Yu Guo & Sung Y. Park, 2017. "Asymmetric Relationship between Investors' Sentiment and Stock Returns: Evidence from a Quantile Non†causality Test," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 17(4), pages 617-626, December.
    25. Dai, Zhifeng & Zhu, Haoyang, 2022. "Time-varying spillover effects and investment strategies between WTI crude oil, natural gas and Chinese stock markets related to belt and road initiative," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    26. Sari, Ramazan & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Soytas, Ugur, 2010. "Dynamics of oil price, precious metal prices, and exchange rate," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 351-362, March.
    27. Rebeca Jimenez-Rodriguez & Marcelo Sanchez, 2005. "Oil price shocks and real GDP growth: empirical evidence for some OECD countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(2), pages 201-228.
    28. Tursoy, Turgut & Faisal, Faisal, 2018. "The impact of gold and crude oil prices on stock market in Turkey: Empirical evidences from ARDL bounds test and combined cointegration," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 49-54.
    29. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    30. David Bourghelle & Fredj Jawadi & Philippe Rozin, 2021. "Oil price volatility in the context of Covid-19," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 167, pages 39-49.
    31. Xiao-lin Li & Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Tsangyao Chang, 2016. "The Causal Relationship Between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Returns in China and India: Evidence from a Bootstrap Rolling Window Approach," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(3), pages 674-689, March.
    32. Shao, Liuguo & Zhang, Hua & Chen, Jinyu & Zhu, Xuehong, 2021. "Effect of oil price uncertainty on clean energy metal stocks in China: Evidence from a nonparametric causality-in-quantiles approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 407-419.
    33. Balcilar, Mehmet & Usman, Ojonugwa & Gungor, Hasan & Roubaud, David & Wohar, Mark E., 2021. "Role of global, regional, and advanced market economic policy uncertainty on bond spreads in emerging markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    34. Akkoc, Ugur & Civcir, Irfan, 2019. "Dynamic linkages between strategic commodities and stock market in Turkey: Evidence from SVAR-DCC-GARCH model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 231-239.
    35. Balcilar, Mehmet & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin & Arslanturk, Yalcin, 2010. "Economic growth and energy consumption causal nexus viewed through a bootstrap rolling window," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 1398-1410, November.
    36. Polat, Onur & Ozkan, Ibrahim, 2019. "Transmission mechanisms of financial stress into economic activity in Turkey," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 395-415.
    37. Balli, Faruk & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & de Bruin, Anne, 2019. "Spillover network of commodity uncertainties," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 914-927.
    38. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Hasan, Mudassar & Arif, Muhammad & Balli, Faruk & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2020. "Time and frequency domain quantile coherence of emerging stock markets with gold and oil prices," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 553(C).
    39. Zeinedini, Sh & Karimi, M. Sh & Khanzadi, A., 2022. "Impact of global oil and gold prices on the Iran stock market returns during the Covid-19 pandemic using the quantile regression approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    40. Aviral Kumar Tiwari & Adeolu O. Adewuyi & David Roubaud, 2019. "Dependence between the global gold market and emerging stock markets (E7+1): Evidence from Granger causality using quantile and quantile‐on‐quantile regression methods," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(7), pages 2172-2214, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Younis, Ijaz & Shah, Waheed Ullah & Yousaf, Imran, 2023. "Static and dynamic linkages between oil, gold and global equity markets in various crisis episodes: Evidence from the Wavelet TVP-VAR," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    2. Zeinedini, Sh & Karimi, M. Sh & Khanzadi, A., 2022. "Impact of global oil and gold prices on the Iran stock market returns during the Covid-19 pandemic using the quantile regression approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    3. Younis, Ijaz & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Shah, Waheed Ullah & Tang, Xuan, 2025. "Inter- and intra-connectedness between energy, gold, Bitcoin, and Gulf cooperation council stock markets: New evidence from various financial crises," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
    4. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Olasehinde-Williams, Godwin & Özkan, Oktay, 2023. "Geopolitical oil price uncertainty transmission into core inflation: Evidence from two of the biggest global players," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    5. Khan, Nasir & Saleem, Asima & Ozkan, Oktay, 2023. "Do geopolitical oil price risk influence stock market returns and volatility of Pakistan: Evidence from novel non-parametric quantile causality approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    6. Jiang, Yonghong & Feng, Qidi & Mo, Bin & Nie, He, 2020. "Visiting the effects of oil price shocks on exchange rates: Quantile-on-quantile and causality-in-quantiles approaches," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on intraday volatility spillover between oil, gold, and stock markets," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 702-715.
    8. Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2021. "Precious metals, oil, and ASEAN stock markets: From global financial crisis to global health crisis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    9. Shang, Jin & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2024. "Quantile time-frequency connectedness analysis between crude oil, gold, financial markets, and macroeconomic indicators: Evidence from the US and EU," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    10. Raza Syed Ali & Shah Nida & Ali Muhammad & Shahbaz Muhammad, 2021. "Do Exchange Rates Fluctuations Influence Gold Price in G7 Countries? New Insights from a Nonparametric Causality-in-Quantiles Test," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 24(2), pages 37-57.
    11. Mensi, Walid & Al Rababa'a, Abdel Razzaq & Alomari, Mohammad & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Dynamic frequency volatility spillovers and connectedness between strategic commodity and stock markets: US-based sectoral analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    12. Farid, Saqib & Kayani, Ghulam Mujtaba & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2021. "Intraday volatility transmission among precious metals, energy and stocks during the COVID-19 pandemic," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    13. Mehmet Balcilar & Ojonugwa Usman & Busra Agan, 2024. "On the connectedness of commodity markets: A critical and selective survey of empirical studies and bibliometric analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 97-136, February.
    14. Aziz, Ghazala & Sarwar, Suleman & Yuan, Qiong & Waheed, Rida & Morales, Lucía, 2024. "Reinvestigating the role of oil and gold for portfolio optimization in view of COVID-19 and structural breaks: Empirical evidence of BEKK, DCC and wavelet quantile based estimations," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    15. Dimitrios Kartsonakis-Mademlis & Nikolaos Dritsakis, 2020. "Does the Choice of the Multivariate GARCH Model on Volatility Spillovers Matter? Evidence from Oil Prices and Stock Markets in G7 Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 164-182.
    16. Godwin Olasehinde-Williams & Ifedola Olanipekun & Oktay Özkan, 2024. "Stock Market Response to Quantitative Easing: Evidence from the Novel Rolling Windows Nonparametric Causality-in-Quantiles Approach," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 64(2), pages 947-977, August.
    17. Johnson A. Oliyide & Oluwasegun B. Adekoya & Muhammad A. Khan, 2021. "Economic policy uncertainty and the volatility connectedness between oil shocks and metal market: An extension," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 167, pages 136-150.
    18. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Hasan, Mudassar & Arif, Muhammad & Suleman, Muhammad Tahir & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Oil and gold as a hedge and safe-haven for metals and agricultural commodities with portfolio implications," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    19. Youssef, Manel & Mokni, Khaled, 2021. "Oil-gold nexus: Evidence from regime switching-quantile regression approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    20. Nermeen Harb & Mamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, 2019. "Effect Of Oil Prices On Stock Markets: Evidence From New Generation Of Star Model," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 71(3), pages 466-482, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:apfinm:v:31:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s10690-023-09430-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.