IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/inm/orserv/v12y2020i2-3p44-60.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Frontiers in Service Science: Ride Matching for Peer-to-Peer Ride Sharing: A Review and Future Directions

Author

Listed:
  • Amirmahdi Tafreshian

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109)

  • Neda Masoud

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109)

  • Yafeng Yin

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109)

Abstract

As a consequence of the sharing economy attaining more popularity, there has been a shift toward shared-use mobility services in recent years, especially those that encourage users to share their personal vehicles with others. To date, different variants of these services have been proposed that call for different settings and give rise to different research questions. Peer-to-peer (P2P) ride sharing is one such service that provides a platform for drivers to share their personal trips with riders who have similar itineraries. Unlike ride-sourcing services, drivers in P2P ride sharing have their own individual trips to make and are not driving for the sole purpose of serving rider requests. Unlike traditional carpooling, P2P ride sharing can serve on-demand and one-time trip requests. P2P ride sharing has been identified as a sustainable mode of transportation that results in several individual and societal benefits. The core of a P2P ride-sharing system is a ride-matching problem that determines ride-sharing plans for users. This paper reviews the major studies on the operations of P2P ride-sharing systems, with a focus on modeling and solution methodologies for matching, routing, and scheduling. In this paper, we classify ride-sharing systems based on their operational features and review the existing methodologies for each class. We further discuss a number of important directions for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Amirmahdi Tafreshian & Neda Masoud & Yafeng Yin, 2020. "Frontiers in Service Science: Ride Matching for Peer-to-Peer Ride Sharing: A Review and Future Directions," Service Science, INFORMS, vol. 12(2-3), pages 44-60, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:orserv:v:12:y:2020:i:2-3:p:44-60
    DOI: 10.1287/serv.2020.0258
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2020.0258
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1287/serv.2020.0258?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lee, Alan & Savelsbergh, Martin, 2015. "Dynamic ridesharing: Is there a role for dedicated drivers?," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 483-497.
    2. Jizhe Xia & Kevin M Curtin & Weihong Li & Yonglong Zhao, 2015. "A New Model for a Carpool Matching Service," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Gérard P. Cachon & Kaitlin M. Daniels & Ruben Lobel, 2017. "The Role of Surge Pricing on a Service Platform with Self-Scheduling Capacity," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 19(3), pages 368-384, July.
    4. Boyacı, Burak & Zografos, Konstantinos G. & Geroliminis, Nikolas, 2015. "An optimization framework for the development of efficient one-way car-sharing systems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 240(3), pages 718-733.
    5. Timothy M. Sweda & Irina S. Dolinskaya & Diego Klabjan, 2017. "Optimal Recharging Policies for Electric Vehicles," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 51(2), pages 457-479, May.
    6. Harish Guda & Upender Subramanian, 2019. "Your Uber Is Arriving: Managing On-Demand Workers Through Surge Pricing, Forecast Communication, and Worker Incentives," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(5), pages 1995-2014, May.
    7. Clewlow, Regina R. & Mishra, Gouri S., 2017. "Disruptive Transportation: The Adoption, Utilization, and Impacts of Ride-Hailing in the United States," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt82w2z91j, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    8. Shaheen, Susan PhD & Chan, Nelson & Gaynor, Theresa, 2016. "Casual Carpooling in the San Francisco Bay Area: Understanding User Characteristics, Behaviors, and Motivations," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt4dh2h0rf, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    9. Stiglic, M. & Agatz, N.A.H. & Savelsbergh, M.W.P. & Gradisar, M., 2015. "The Benefits of Meeting Points in Ride-sharing Systems," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2015-003-LIS, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    10. Stefan Ropke & Jean-François Cordeau, 2009. "Branch and Cut and Price for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 43(3), pages 267-286, August.
    11. Monica Alonso & Hortensia Amaris & Jean Gardy Germain & Juan Manuel Galan, 2014. "Optimal Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids by Heuristic Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-27, April.
    12. Fu, Liping, 2002. "Scheduling dial-a-ride paratransit under time-varying, stochastic congestion," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 485-506, July.
    13. Renato Gomes, 2014. "Optimal auction design in two-sided markets," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 45(2), pages 248-272, June.
    14. S. A. MirHassani & R. Ebrazi, 2013. "A Flexible Reformulation of the Refueling Station Location Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 47(4), pages 617-628, November.
    15. Kostas Bimpikis & Ozan Candogan & Daniela Saban, 2019. "Spatial Pricing in Ride-Sharing Networks," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 67(3), pages 744-769, May.
    16. Xu, Zhengtian & Yin, Yafeng & Ye, Jieping, 2020. "On the supply curve of ride-hailing systems," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 29-43.
    17. Wenyi Chen & Martijn Mes & Marco Schutten & Job Quint, 2019. "A Ride-Sharing Problem with Meeting Points and Return Restrictions," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(2), pages 401-426, March.
    18. Yiwei Chen & Ming Hu, 2020. "Pricing and Matching with Forward-Looking Buyers and Sellers," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(4), pages 717-734, July.
    19. Wang, Hai & Yang, Hai, 2019. "Ridesourcing systems: A framework and review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 122-155.
    20. Mote, Jonathon E. & Whitestone, Yuko, 2011. "The social context of informal commuting: Slugs, strangers and structuration," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(4), pages 258-268, May.
    21. Michael Schneider & Andreas Stenger & Dominik Goeke, 2014. "The Electric Vehicle-Routing Problem with Time Windows and Recharging Stations," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(4), pages 500-520, November.
    22. Long He & Ho-Yin Mak & Ying Rong & Zuo-Jun Max Shen, 2017. "Service Region Design for Urban Electric Vehicle Sharing Systems," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 19(2), pages 309-327, May.
    23. Hosni, Hadi & Naoum-Sawaya, Joe & Artail, Hassan, 2014. "The shared-taxi problem: Formulation and solution methods," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 303-318.
    24. Jaw, Jang-Jei & Odoni, Amedeo R. & Psaraftis, Harilaos N. & Wilson, Nigel H. M., 1986. "A heuristic algorithm for the multi-vehicle advance request dial-a-ride problem with time windows," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 243-257, June.
    25. Stiglic, Mitja & Agatz, Niels & Savelsbergh, Martin & Gradisar, Mirko, 2015. "The benefits of meeting points in ride-sharing systems," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 36-53.
    26. Stiglic, Mitja & Agatz, Niels & Savelsbergh, Martin & Gradisar, Mirko, 2016. "Making dynamic ride-sharing work: The impact of driver and rider flexibility," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 190-207.
    27. Mehdi Nourinejad & Matthew Roorda, 2015. "Carsharing operations policies: a comparison between one-way and two-way systems," Transportation, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 497-518, May.
    28. Shaheen, Susan & Guzman, Stacey & Zhang, Hua, 2010. "Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: Past, Present, and Future," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt79v822k5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    29. Agatz, Niels A.H. & Erera, Alan L. & Savelsbergh, Martin W.P. & Wang, Xing, 2011. "Dynamic ride-sharing: A simulation study in metro Atlanta," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 45(9), pages 1450-1464.
    30. Agatz, N.A.H. & Erera, A. & Savelsbergh, M.W.P. & Wang, X., 2010. "Sustainable Passenger Transportation: Dynamic Ride-Sharing," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2010-010-LIS, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    31. Guy Desaulniers & Fausto Errico & Stefan Irnich & Michael Schneider, 2016. "Exact Algorithms for Electric Vehicle-Routing Problems with Time Windows," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 64(6), pages 1388-1405, December.
    32. Shaheen, Susan A & Guzman, Stacey & Zhang, Hua, 2010. "Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: Past, Present and Future," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt6qg8q6ft, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    33. Saif Benjaafar & Ming Hu, 2020. "Operations Management in the Age of the Sharing Economy: What Is Old and What Is New?," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(1), pages 93-101, January.
    34. Anton Braverman & J. G. Dai & Xin Liu & Lei Ying, 2019. "Empty-Car Routing in Ridesharing Systems," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 67(5), pages 1437-1452, September.
    35. Jean-François Cordeau, 2006. "A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for the Dial-a-Ride Problem," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 54(3), pages 573-586, June.
    36. Shaheen, Susan & Cohen, Adam & Jaffee, Mark, 2018. "Innovative Mobility: Carsharing Outlook," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt49j961wb, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    37. Roberto Baldacci & Vittorio Maniezzo & Aristide Mingozzi, 2004. "An Exact Method for the Car Pooling Problem Based on Lagrangean Column Generation," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 52(3), pages 422-439, June.
    38. Schneider, M. & Stenger, A. & Goeke, D., 2014. "The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Recharging Stations," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 62382, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    39. James B. Orlin, 1993. "A Faster Strongly Polynomial Minimum Cost Flow Algorithm," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 41(2), pages 338-350, April.
    40. Shaheen, Susan PhD & Cohen, Adam & Jaffee, Mark, 2018. "Innovative Mobility: Carsharing Outlook," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt1mw8n13h, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    41. Shaheen, Susan A & Cohen, Adam P, 2007. "Growth in Worldwide Carsharing: An International Comparison," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt2zv240pp, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    42. Shaheen, Susan A. & Chan, Nelson D. & Gaynor, Teresa, 2016. "Casual carpooling in the San Francisco Bay Area: Understanding user characteristics, behaviors, and motivations," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 165-173.
    43. Healy, Patrick & Moll, Robert, 1995. "A new extension of local search applied to the Dial-A-Ride Problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 83(1), pages 83-104, May.
    44. Long, Jiancheng & Tan, Weimin & Szeto, W.Y. & Li, Yao, 2018. "Ride-sharing with travel time uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 143-171.
    45. Agatz, Niels & Erera, Alan & Savelsbergh, Martin & Wang, Xing, 2012. "Optimization for dynamic ride-sharing: A review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 223(2), pages 295-303.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jaâfar Berrada & Alexis Poulhès, 2021. "Economic and socioeconomic assessment of replacing conventional public transit with demand responsive transit services in low-to-medium density areas," Post-Print hal-03325200, HAL.
    2. Alnaggar, Aliaa & Gzara, Fatma & Bookbinder, James H., 2024. "Compensation guarantees in crowdsourced delivery: Impact on platform and driver welfare," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    3. Liu, Yining & Ouyang, Yanfeng, 2023. "Planning ride-pooling services with detour restrictions for spatially heterogeneous demand: A multi-zone queuing network approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    4. Tafreshian, Amirmahdi & Masoud, Neda, 2022. "A truthful subsidy scheme for a peer-to-peer ridesharing market with incomplete information," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 130-161.
    5. Ausseil, Rosemonde & Ulmer, Marlin W. & Pazour, Jennifer A., 2024. "Online acceptance probability approximation in peer-to-peer transportation," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    6. Bosse, Alexander & Ulmer, Marlin W. & Manni, Emanuele & Mattfeld, Dirk C., 2023. "Dynamic priority rules for combining on-demand passenger transportation and transportation of goods," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 309(1), pages 399-408.
    7. Berrada, Jaâfar & Poulhès, Alexis, 2021. "Economic and socioeconomic assessment of replacing conventional public transit with demand responsive transit services in low-to-medium density areas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 317-334.
    8. Zhang, Ruolin & Masoud, Neda, 2021. "A distributed algorithm for operating large-scale ridesourcing systems," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    9. Tubagus Robbi Megantara & Sudradjat Supian & Diah Chaerani, 2022. "Strategies to Reduce Ride-Hailing Fuel Consumption Caused by Pick-Up Trips: A Mathematical Model under Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, August.
    10. Anne Aguiléra & Eléonore Pigalle, 2021. "The Future and Sustainability of Carpooling Practices. An Identification of Research Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, October.
    11. Yining Liu & Yanfeng Ouyang, 2022. "Planning ride-pooling services with detour restrictions for spatially heterogeneous demand: A multi-zone queuing network approach," Papers 2208.02219, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2023.
    12. Guo, Yuhan & Zhang, Yu & Boulaksil, Youssef & Qian, Yaguan & Allaoui, Hamid, 2023. "Modelling and analysis of online ride-sharing platforms – A sustainability perspective," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 304(2), pages 577-595.
    13. Stumpe, Miriam & Dieter, Peter & Schryen, Guido & Müller, Oliver & Beverungen, Daniel, 2024. "Designing taxi ridesharing systems with shared pick-up and drop-off locations: Insights from a computational study," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    14. Boshuai Zhao & Kai Wang & Wenchao Wei & Roel Leus, 2024. "The Dial-a-Ride Problem with Limited Pickups per Trip," Papers 2408.07602, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2024.
    15. Leonidas G. Anthopoulos & Dimitrios N. Tzimos, 2021. "Carpooling Platforms as Smart City Projects: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-29, September.
    16. Xingyuan Li & Jing Bai, 2021. "A Ridesharing Choice Behavioral Equilibrium Model with Users of Heterogeneous Values of Time," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-22, January.
    17. Sun, Xiaotong & Yin, Yafeng, 2021. "An auction mechanism for platoon leader determination in single-brand cooperative vehicle platooning," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 28(C).
    18. Panda, Saunak Kumar & Xiang, Yisha & Liu, Ruiqi, 2024. "Dynamic resource matching in manufacturing using deep reinforcement learning," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 318(2), pages 408-423.
    19. Setareh Boshrouei Shargh & Mostafa Zandieh & Ashkan Ayough & Farbod Farhadi, 2024. "Scheduling in services: a review and bibliometric analysis," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 754-783, June.
    20. Chaojun Wang & Jingwei Wang & Yi Zhang & Jairus Odawa Malenje & Yin Han, 2024. "Optimizing Taxi-Pooling Operations to Enhance Efficiency and Revenue: A Queuing Model Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-22, October.
    21. Meijian Yang & Enjun Xia, 2021. "A Systematic Literature Review on Pricing Strategies in the Sharing Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-28, August.
    22. Tafreshian, Amirmahdi & Abdolmaleki, Mojtaba & Masoud, Neda & Wang, Huizhu, 2021. "Proactive shuttle dispatching in large-scale dynamic dial-a-ride systems," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 227-259.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Peng, Zixuan & Shan, Wenxuan & Zhu, Xiaoning & Yu, Bin, 2022. "Many-to-one stable matching for taxi-sharing service with selfish players," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 255-279.
    2. Hua, Shijia & Zeng, Wenjia & Liu, Xinglu & Qi, Mingyao, 2022. "Optimality-guaranteed algorithms on the dynamic shared-taxi problem," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    3. Mourad, Abood & Puchinger, Jakob & Chu, Chengbin, 2019. "A survey of models and algorithms for optimizing shared mobility," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 323-346.
    4. Mohammad Asghari & Seyed Mohammad Javad Mirzapour Al-E-Hashem & Yacine Rekik, 2022. "Environmental and social implications of incorporating carpooling service on a customized bus system," Post-Print hal-03598768, HAL.
    5. Ke, Jintao & Yang, Hai & Li, Xinwei & Wang, Hai & Ye, Jieping, 2020. "Pricing and equilibrium in on-demand ride-pooling markets," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 411-431.
    6. Masoud, Neda & Jayakrishnan, R., 2017. "A decomposition algorithm to solve the multi-hop Peer-to-Peer ride-matching problem," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1-29.
    7. Ke, Jintao & Yang, Hai & Zheng, Zhengfei, 2020. "On ride-pooling and traffic congestion," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 213-231.
    8. Sun, Yanshuo & Chen, Zhi-Long & Zhang, Lei, 2020. "Nonprofit peer-to-peer ridesharing optimization," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    9. Omer Faruk Aydin & Ilgin Gokasar & Onur Kalan, 2020. "Matching algorithm for improving ride-sharing by incorporating route splits and social factors," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-23, March.
    10. Wang, Hai & Yang, Hai, 2019. "Ridesourcing systems: A framework and review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 122-155.
    11. Zixuan Peng & Wenxuan Shan & Peng Jia & Bin Yu & Yonglei Jiang & Baozhen Yao, 2020. "Stable ride-sharing matching for the commuters with payment design," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 1-21, February.
    12. Xing Wang & Niels Agatz & Alan Erera, 2018. "Stable Matching for Dynamic Ride-Sharing Systems," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(4), pages 850-867, August.
    13. Alnaggar, Aliaa & Gzara, Fatma & Bookbinder, James H., 2021. "Crowdsourced delivery: A review of platforms and academic literature," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    14. Stumpe, Miriam & Dieter, Peter & Schryen, Guido & Müller, Oliver & Beverungen, Daniel, 2024. "Designing taxi ridesharing systems with shared pick-up and drop-off locations: Insights from a computational study," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    15. Long, Jiancheng & Tan, Weimin & Szeto, W.Y. & Li, Yao, 2018. "Ride-sharing with travel time uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 143-171.
    16. Zhang, Li & Liu, Zhongshan & Yu, Lan & Fang, Ke & Yao, Baozhen & Yu, Bin, 2022. "Routing optimization of shared autonomous electric vehicles under uncertain travel time and uncertain service time," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    17. Yang, Jie & Zhao, Daozhi & Wang, Zeyu & Xu, Chunqiu, 2022. "Impact of regulation on on-demand ride-sharing service: Profit-based target vs demand-based target," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    18. Wenyi Chen & Martijn Mes & Marco Schutten & Job Quint, 2019. "A Ride-Sharing Problem with Meeting Points and Return Restrictions," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(2), pages 401-426, March.
    19. Li, Shukai & Luo, Qi & Hampshire, Robert Cornelius, 2021. "Optimizing large on-demand transportation systems through stochastic conic programming," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 295(2), pages 427-442.
    20. Horner, Hannah & Pazour, Jennifer & Mitchell, John E., 2021. "Optimizing driver menus under stochastic selection behavior for ridesharing and crowdsourced delivery," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:inm:orserv:v:12:y:2020:i:2-3:p:44-60. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Asher (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/inforea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.