IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/inm/oropre/v65y2017i3p657-673.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Kernel Smoothing for Nested Estimation with Application to Portfolio Risk Measurement

Author

Listed:
  • L. Jeff Hong

    (Department of Economics and Finance and Department of Management Sciences, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong)

  • Sandeep Juneja

    (School of Technology and Computer Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India)

  • Guangwu Liu

    (Department of Management Sciences, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong)

Abstract

Nested estimation involves estimating an expectation of a function of a conditional expectation via simulation. This problem has of late received increasing attention amongst researchers due to its broad applicability particularly in portfolio risk measurement and in pricing complex derivatives. In this paper, we study a kernel smoothing approach. We analyze its asymptotic properties, and present efficient algorithms for practical implementation. While asymptotic results suggest that the kernel smoothing approach is preferable over nested simulation only for low-dimensional problems, we propose a decomposition technique for portfolio risk measurement, through which a high-dimensional problem may be decomposed into low-dimensional ones that allow an efficient use of the kernel smoothing approach. Numerical studies show that, with the decomposition technique, the kernel smoothing approach works well for a reasonably large portfolio with 200 risk factors. This suggests that the proposed methodology may serve as a viable tool for risk measurement practice.

Suggested Citation

  • L. Jeff Hong & Sandeep Juneja & Guangwu Liu, 2017. "Kernel Smoothing for Nested Estimation with Application to Portfolio Risk Measurement," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 65(3), pages 657-673, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:oropre:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:657-673
    DOI: 10.1287/opre.2017.1591
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1591
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1287/opre.2017.1591?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 113-147.
    2. Carriere, Jacques F., 1996. "Valuation of the early-exercise price for options using simulations and nonparametric regression," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 19-30, December.
    3. Michael B. Gordy & Sandeep Juneja, 2010. "Nested Simulation in Portfolio Risk Measurement," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(10), pages 1833-1848, October.
    4. Bruce Ankenman & Barry L. Nelson & Jeremy Staum, 2010. "Stochastic Kriging for Simulation Metamodeling," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 58(2), pages 371-382, April.
    5. Hai Lan & Barry L. Nelson & Jeremy Staum, 2010. "A Confidence Interval Procedure for Expected Shortfall Risk Measurement via Two-Level Simulation," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 58(5), pages 1481-1490, October.
    6. Jun Pan & Darrell Duffie, 2001. "Analytical value-at-risk with jumps and credit risk," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 5(2), pages 155-180.
    7. Mark Britten-Jones & Stephen M. Schaefer, 1999. "Non-Linear Value-at-Risk," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 2(2), pages 161-187.
    8. Mark Broadie & Yiping Du & Ciamac C. Moallemi, 2015. "Risk Estimation via Regression," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 63(5), pages 1077-1097, October.
    9. Mark Broadie & Yiping Du & Ciamac C. Moallemi, 2011. "Efficient Risk Estimation via Nested Sequential Simulation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(6), pages 1172-1194, June.
    10. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt43n1k4jb, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kun Zhang & Ben Mingbin Feng & Guangwu Liu & Shiyu Wang, 2022. "Sample Recycling for Nested Simulation with Application in Portfolio Risk Measurement," Papers 2203.15929, arXiv.org.
    2. Guangxin Jiang & L. Jeff Hong & Barry L. Nelson, 2020. "Online Risk Monitoring Using Offline Simulation," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 32(2), pages 356-375, April.
    3. Weihuan Huang & Nifei Lin & L. Jeff Hong, 2022. "Monte-Carlo Estimation of CoVaR," Papers 2210.06148, arXiv.org.
    4. Liu, Xiaoyu & Yan, Xing & Zhang, Kun, 2024. "Kernel quantile estimators for nested simulation with application to portfolio value-at-risk measurement," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 312(3), pages 1168-1177.
    5. Youngjun Choe & Henry Lam & Eunshin Byon, 2018. "Uncertainty Quantification of Stochastic Simulation for Black-box Computer Experiments," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 1155-1172, December.
    6. Wang, Tianxiang & Xu, Jie & Hu, Jian-Qiang & Chen, Chun-Hung, 2023. "Efficient estimation of a risk measure requiring two-stage simulation optimization," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(3), pages 1355-1365.
    7. Qiyun Pan & Eunshin Byon & Young Myoung Ko & Henry Lam, 2020. "Adaptive importance sampling for extreme quantile estimation with stochastic black box computer models," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 67(7), pages 524-547, October.
    8. David J. Eckman & Shane G. Henderson & Sara Shashaani, 2023. "Diagnostic Tools for Evaluating and Comparing Simulation-Optimization Algorithms," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 35(2), pages 350-367, March.
    9. Lucio Fernandez‐Arjona & Damir Filipović, 2022. "A machine learning approach to portfolio pricing and risk management for high‐dimensional problems," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 982-1019, October.
    10. Qin, Chang-Xiong & Liu, Zhao, 2022. "Reference price effect of partially similar online products in the consideration stage," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 70-81.
    11. Mingbin Ben Feng & Eunhye Song, 2020. "Efficient Nested Simulation Experiment Design via the Likelihood Ratio Method," Papers 2008.13087, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    12. Dang, Ou & Feng, Mingbin & Hardy, Mary R., 2023. "Two-stage nested simulation of tail risk measurement: A likelihood ratio approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 1-24.
    13. Runhuan Feng & Peng Li, 2021. "Sample Recycling Method -- A New Approach to Efficient Nested Monte Carlo Simulations," Papers 2106.06028, arXiv.org.
    14. Hongjun Ha & Daniel Bauer, 2022. "A least-squares Monte Carlo approach to the estimation of enterprise risk," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 417-459, July.
    15. Xin Yun & Yanyi Ye & Hao Liu & Yi Li & Kin-Keung Lai, 2023. "Stylized Model of Lévy Process in Risk Estimation," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, March.
    16. Devang Sinha & Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty, 2024. "Multilevel Monte Carlo in Sample Average Approximation: Convergence, Complexity and Application," Papers 2407.18504, arXiv.org.
    17. Feng, Ben Mingbin & Li, Johnny Siu-Hang & Zhou, Kenneth Q., 2022. "Green nested simulation via likelihood ratio: Applications to longevity risk management," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 285-301.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kun Zhang & Ben Mingbin Feng & Guangwu Liu & Shiyu Wang, 2022. "Sample Recycling for Nested Simulation with Application in Portfolio Risk Measurement," Papers 2203.15929, arXiv.org.
    2. Mark Broadie & Yiping Du & Ciamac C. Moallemi, 2015. "Risk Estimation via Regression," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 63(5), pages 1077-1097, October.
    3. Patrick Cheridito & John Ery & Mario V. Wüthrich, 2020. "Assessing Asset-Liability Risk with Neural Networks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, February.
    4. Patrick Cheridito & John Ery & Mario V. Wuthrich, 2021. "Assessing asset-liability risk with neural networks," Papers 2105.12432, arXiv.org.
    5. Feng, Ben Mingbin & Li, Johnny Siu-Hang & Zhou, Kenneth Q., 2022. "Green nested simulation via likelihood ratio: Applications to longevity risk management," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 285-301.
    6. Alessandro Gnoatto & Athena Picarelli & Christoph Reisinger, 2020. "Deep xVA solver -- A neural network based counterparty credit risk management framework," Papers 2005.02633, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.
    7. Mingbin Ben Feng & Eunhye Song, 2020. "Efficient Nested Simulation Experiment Design via the Likelihood Ratio Method," Papers 2008.13087, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    8. Gan, Guojun & Lin, X. Sheldon, 2015. "Valuation of large variable annuity portfolios under nested simulation: A functional data approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 138-150.
    9. Cornelis S. L. de Graaf & Drona Kandhai & Christoph Reisinger, 2016. "Efficient exposure computation by risk factor decomposition," Papers 1608.01197, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2018.
    10. Helin Zhu & Tianyi Liu & Enlu Zhou, 2015. "Risk Quantification in Stochastic Simulation under Input Uncertainty," Papers 1507.06015, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2017.
    11. Hongjun Ha & Daniel Bauer, 2022. "A least-squares Monte Carlo approach to the estimation of enterprise risk," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 417-459, July.
    12. Guangxin Jiang & L. Jeff Hong & Barry L. Nelson, 2020. "Online Risk Monitoring Using Offline Simulation," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 32(2), pages 356-375, April.
    13. Fabian Dickmann & Nikolaus Schweizer, 2014. "Faster Comparison of Stopping Times by Nested Conditional Monte Carlo," Papers 1402.0243, arXiv.org.
    14. Guay, François & Schwenkler, Gustavo, 2021. "Efficient estimation and filtering for multivariate jump–diffusions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 223(1), pages 251-275.
    15. Lotfi Boudabsa & Damir Filipovi'c, 2022. "Ensemble learning for portfolio valuation and risk management," Papers 2204.05926, arXiv.org.
    16. Runhuan Feng & Peng Li, 2021. "Sample Recycling Method -- A New Approach to Efficient Nested Monte Carlo Simulations," Papers 2106.06028, arXiv.org.
    17. Ankirchner, Stefan & Schneider, Judith C. & Schweizer, Nikolaus, 2014. "Cross-hedging minimum return guarantees: Basis and liquidity risks," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 93-109.
    18. Dang, Ou & Feng, Mingbin & Hardy, Mary R., 2023. "Two-stage nested simulation of tail risk measurement: A likelihood ratio approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 1-24.
    19. Junyao Chen & Tony Sit & Hoi Ying Wong, 2019. "Simulation-based Value-at-Risk for Nonlinear Portfolios," Papers 1904.09088, arXiv.org.
    20. Lucio Fernandez‐Arjona & Damir Filipović, 2022. "A machine learning approach to portfolio pricing and risk management for high‐dimensional problems," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 982-1019, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:inm:oropre:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:657-673. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Asher (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/inforea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.