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Coopetition between SMEs: an empirical study of French professional football

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  • Frank Robert
  • Pierre Marques
  • Frederic Le Roy

Abstract

Coopetition is an alternative to the two main paradigms of strategic management: competition and cooperation. We can study the possibilities for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to cooperate and compete simultaneously in light of the existing literature on the new forms of rivalry and cooperation. However, this recent paradox must be tested in various sectors and between the SMEs. We will analyse the existence of coopetition within French professional football, characterised by a high number of SMEs. We will use factor analysis and cluster analysis based on the economic and competitive variables of the organisations that participated in the French Leagues 1 and 2 during the 2005–2006 season. First, we reveal the existence of coopetition within the sector. We observe that some clubs mix strategies of cooperation and competition simultaneously and that the clubs' leaders within the professional governing bodies can optimise crucial resources such as broadcasting rights. Then, we will discuss the existence of a relationship between the behaviour of coopetition of some clubs regarding player movements and their economic-on-field competitive behaviour (the link between budget and sports classification), as well as their financial success. Finally, we propose a cluster analysis and identify three types of clubs.

Suggested Citation

  • Frank Robert & Pierre Marques & Frederic Le Roy, 2009. "Coopetition between SMEs: an empirical study of French professional football," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 8(1), pages 23-43.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:8:y:2009:i:1:p:23-43
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Steve Kyungjae Lee, 2021. "Family Firms Can Perform Better by Overcoming Strategic Unwillingness: Implications of “Familiness” for Coopetition Strategy," Journal of Business Administration Research, Journal of Business Administration Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 10(2), pages 1-1, October.
    2. Wojciech Czakon & Mariusz Rogalski, 2014. "Coopetition typology revisited - a behavioural approach," International Journal of Business Environment, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 6(1), pages 28-46.
    3. Czernek, Katarzyna & Czakon, Wojciech, 2016. "Trust-building processes in tourist coopetition: The case of a Polish region," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 380-394.
    4. Wojciech Czakon & Karolina Mucha-Kuś & Maciej Sołtysik, 2021. "Coopetitive Platform: Common Benefits in Electricity and Gas Distribution," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.
    5. Karolina Mucha-Kuś & Maciej Sołtysik & Krzysztof Zamasz & Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna, 2021. "Coopetitive Nature of Energy Communities—The Energy Transition Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Steve Kyungjae Lee, 2023. "Does “familiness” enhance or reduce firms’ willingness to engage in partnership with rivals? Empirical evidence from South Korean savings banks," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(1), pages 217-245, February.
    7. Martin Schnitzer & Maximilian Seidl & Philipp Schlemmer & Mike Peters, 2018. "Analyzing the Coopetition between Tourism and Leisure Suppliers—A Case Study of the Leisure Card Tirol," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    8. Mierzejewska Wioletta, 2023. "Does coopetition pay off? Benefits of intra-organizational coopetition within business groups," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 59(2), pages 150-167, June.
    9. Garri, Myropi, 2021. "Coopetition, value co-creation, and knowledge-enhancement in the UK alpaca industry: A multi-level mechanism," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 545-557.
    10. Nicolas Scelles & Jean-François Mignot & Benjamin Cabaud & Aurélien François, 2018. "Temporary organizational forms and coopetition in cycling," Post-Print hal-02366610, HAL.
    11. Antoine Feuillet & Mickael Terrien & Nicolas Scelles & Christophe Durand, 2021. "Determinants of coopetition and contingency of strategic choices: the case of professional football clubs in France," Post-Print halshs-02974491, HAL.
    12. Paulo Reis Mourao, 2016. "Soccer transfers, team efficiency and the sports cycle in the most valued European soccer leagues – have European soccer teams been efficient in trading players?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(56), pages 5513-5524, December.
    13. Karolina Mucha-Kuś, 2020. "Measurable Effects of Metropolitan Gas Purchasing Group in the Light of Gas Market Functioning in Poland," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-14, March.

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