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An Optimal Operation Model and Ordered Charging/Discharging Strategy for Battery Swapping Stations

Author

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  • Yanni Liang

    (School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China)

  • Xingping Zhang

    (School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
    Research Center for Beijing Energy Development, Beijing 102206, China)

  • Jian Xie

    (Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510620, China)

  • Wenfeng Liu

    (School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China)

Abstract

The economic operation of battery swapping stations (BSSs) is significant for the promotion of large-scale electric vehicles. This paper develops a linear programming model to maximize the daily operation profits of a BSS by considering constraints of the battery swapping demand of users and the charging/discharging balance of batteries in the BSS. Based on the BSS configuration and data from electric taxis in Beijing, we simulate the operation situation and charging/discharging load of the BSS in nine scenarios with two ordered charging and discharging strategies. The simulation results demonstrate that the model can achieve the maximum daily profits of the BSS. According to the sensitivity analysis, the battery swapping price for batteries is the most sensitive, followed by the number of batteries in the BSS, while the operation-maintenance costs and battery depreciation costs are least sensitive. In addition, the charging and discharging of batteries in the BSS can be coordinated by increasing the battery quantity of the BSS and formulating the ladder-type battery swapping price.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanni Liang & Xingping Zhang & Jian Xie & Wenfeng Liu, 2017. "An Optimal Operation Model and Ordered Charging/Discharging Strategy for Battery Swapping Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:700-:d:97121
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Zhan, Weipeng & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Lei & Liu, Peng & Cui, Dingsong & Dorrell, David G., 2022. "A review of siting, sizing, optimal scheduling, and cost-benefit analysis for battery swapping stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    2. Yu Feng & Xiaochun Lu, 2021. "Construction Planning and Operation of Battery Swapping Stations for Electric Vehicles: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Jean-Michel Clairand & Paulo Guerra-Terán & Xavier Serrano-Guerrero & Mario González-Rodríguez & Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá, 2019. "Electric Vehicles for Public Transportation in Power Systems: A Review of Methodologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-22, August.
    4. Xingping Zhang & Yanni Liang & Yakun Zhang & Yinhe Bu & Hongyang Zhang, 2017. "Charge Pricing Optimization Model for Private Charging Piles in Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-15, November.
    5. Liang, Yanni & Cai, Hua & Zou, Guilin, 2021. "Configuration and system operation for battery swapping stations in Beijing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    6. Yongzhong Wu & Siyi Zhuge & Guoxin Han & Wei Xie, 2022. "Economics of Battery Swapping for Electric Vehicles—Simulation-Based Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Walied Alharbi, 2023. "Assessment of Distribution System Margins Considering Battery Swapping Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-13, April.
    8. Dongpu Fu & Jiarui Sun & Cuiyou Yao & Fulei Shi, 2024. "The influence of policy incentives on the diffusion of battery-swapping taxis and stations: a coupled evolutionary game model in complex networks," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(10), pages 26945-26969, October.
    9. Ahmadi Jirdehi, Mehdi & Sohrabi Tabar, Vahid, 2023. "Risk-aware energy management of a microgrid integrated with battery charging and swapping stations in the presence of renewable resources high penetration, crypto-currency miners and responsive loads," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    10. Barman, Pranjal & Dutta, Lachit, 2024. "Charging infrastructure planning for transportation electrification in India: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).

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