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Business Models for Solar Powered Charging Stations to Develop Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Jessica Robinson

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA)

  • Gary Brase

    (Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Wendy Griswold

    (Center for Hazardous Substance Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chad Jackson

    (Department of Management, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Larry Erickson

    (Center for Hazardous Substance Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA)

Abstract

Electric power must become less dependent on fossil fuels and transportation must become more electric to decrease carbon emissions and mitigate climate change. Increasing availability and accessibility of charging stations is predicted to increase purchases of electric vehicles. In order to address the current inadequate charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, major entities must adopt business models for solar powered charging stations (SPCS). These SPCS should be located in parking lots to produce electricity for the grid and provide an integrated infrastructure for charging electric vehicles. Due to the lack of information related to SPCS business models, this manuscript designs several models for major entities including industry, the federal and state government, utilities, universities, and public parking. A literature review of the available relevant business models and case studies of constructed charging stations was completed to support the proposals. In addition, a survey of a university’s students, staff, and faculty was conducted to provide consumer research on people’s opinion of SPCS construction and preference of business model aspects. Results showed that 69% of respondents would be more willing to invest in an electric vehicle if there was sufficient charging station infrastructure at the university. Among many recommendations, the business models suggest installing level 1 charging for the majority of entities, and to match entities’ current pricing structures for station use. The manuscript discusses the impacts of fossil fuel use, and the benefits of electric car and SPCS use, accommodates for the present gap in available literature on SPCS business models, and provides current consumer data for SPCS and the models proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Jessica Robinson & Gary Brase & Wendy Griswold & Chad Jackson & Larry Erickson, 2014. "Business Models for Solar Powered Charging Stations to Develop Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-30, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:6:y:2014:i:10:p:7358-7387:d:41536
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andersen, Poul H. & Mathews, John A. & Rask, Morten, 2009. "Integrating private transport into renewable energy policy: The strategy of creating intelligent recharging grids for electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 2481-2486, July.
    2. Tsoutsos, Theocharis & Frantzeskaki, Niki & Gekas, Vassilis, 2005. "Environmental impacts from the solar energy technologies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 289-296, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abdulsalam S. Alghamdi & AbuBakr S. Bahaj & Yue Wu, 2017. "Assessment of Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation from Carport Canopies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-22, May.
    2. Paweł Kelm & Rozmysław Mieński & Irena Wasiak & Katarzyna Wojciechowska, 2020. "Examination of EV Abilities to Provide Vehicle-to-Home Service in Low Voltage Installation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
    3. Figueiredo, Raquel & Nunes, Pedro & Brito, Miguel C., 2017. "The feasibility of solar parking lots for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1182-1197.
    4. Nadia Palmieri & Roberto Tomasone & Carla Cedrola & Daniele Puri & Mauro Pagano, 2023. "Factors Affecting Disabled Consumer Preferences for an Electric Vehicle for Rural Mobility: An Italian Experimental Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    5. Yanni Liang & Xingping Zhang & Jian Xie & Wenfeng Liu, 2017. "An Optimal Operation Model and Ordered Charging/Discharging Strategy for Battery Swapping Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-18, April.
    6. Ivan K. W. Lai & Yide Liu & Xinbo Sun & Hao Zhang & Weiwei Xu, 2015. "Factors Influencing the Behavioural Intention towards Full Electric Vehicles: An Empirical Study in Macau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-22, September.
    7. Judit Oláh & Nicodemus Kitukutha & Hossam Haddad & Miklós Pakurár & Domicián Máté & József Popp, 2018. "Achieving Sustainable E-Commerce in Environmental, Social and Economic Dimensions by Taking Possible Trade-Offs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    8. Secinaro, Silvana & Calandra, Davide & Lanzalonga, Federico & Ferraris, Alberto, 2022. "Electric vehicles’ consumer behaviours: Mapping the field and providing a research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 399-416.
    9. Mateusz Lewandowski, 2016. "Designing the Business Models for Circular Economy—Towards the Conceptual Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-28, January.
    10. Nunes, Pedro & Figueiredo, Raquel & Brito, Miguel C., 2016. "The use of parking lots to solar-charge electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 679-693.
    11. Shoufeng Ji & Qi Sun, 2017. "Low-Carbon Planning and Design in B&R Logistics Service: A Case Study of an E-Commerce Big Data Platform in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-27, November.
    12. Jon Williamsson, 2022. "EV Charging on Ferries and in Terminals—A Business Model Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-14, September.
    13. Mashalah, Heider Al & Hassini, Elkafi & Gunasekaran, Angappa & Bhatt (Mishra), Deepa, 2022. "The impact of digital transformation on supply chains through e-commerce: Literature review and a conceptual framework," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    14. Pablo Tamay & Esteban Inga, 2022. "Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles Considering Their Integration into the Smart Grid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-21, July.
    15. Ruchita, 2023. "Identification of potential barriers of EVsCI using EFA," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 14(3), pages 896-908, July.

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