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High-Quality Solid Fuel Production from Leaf Litter of Urban Street Trees

Author

Listed:
  • Nodirjon Nurmatov

    (Department of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

  • Daniel Armando Leon Gomez

    (Department of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

  • Frank Hensgen

    (Department of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

  • Lutz Bühle

    (Department of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

  • Michael Wachendorf

    (Department of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

Abstract

Leaf litter is a growing concern for cities. Due to adherent dirt such biomass is rarely utilized nowadays but may constitute a renewable energy source for communities or private households. Leaf litter from main roads, residential areas and city centres collected by the vacuum technique or the sweeper technique was sampled and analysed for ash content and chemical composition. Ash content of leaf litter collected by the sweeping technique was higher (21.6%–40.1% dry matter, DM) than in material collected by the vacuum technique (12.0%–21.7% DM). Leaf litter from residential areas had the highest contamination (21.7%–40.1% DM), followed by main roads (20.8%–26.2% DM) and city centres (12.0%–21.6% DM). Ash content was reduced by up to 60% with a washing treatment and reached values comparable to those achieved by multiple manual rinsing, which was conducted as a reference treatment. The chemical composition of washed leaf litter could be further improved by mechanical dehydration treatment due to a reduction in harmful elements for combustion such as K, Cl, Mg and S. Heating value of leaf litter increased and the risk of corrosion and ash melting during combustion were reduced.

Suggested Citation

  • Nodirjon Nurmatov & Daniel Armando Leon Gomez & Frank Hensgen & Lutz Bühle & Michael Wachendorf, 2016. "High-Quality Solid Fuel Production from Leaf Litter of Urban Street Trees," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:12:p:1249-:d:84095
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jan Hari Arti Khalsa & Frank Döhling & Florian Berger, 2016. "Foliage and Grass as Fuel Pellets–Small Scale Combustion of Washed and Mechanically Leached Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Nunes, L.J.R. & Matias, J.C.O. & Catalão, J.P.S., 2016. "Biomass combustion systems: A review on the physical and chemical properties of the ashes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 235-242.
    3. Cherney, Jerome H. & Verma, Vijay Kumar, 2013. "Grass pellet Quality Index: A tool to evaluate suitability of grass pellets for small scale combustion systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 679-684.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Paweł Stachowicz & Waldemar Sieniawski & Michał Krzyżaniak & Ewelina Olba-Zięty, 2021. "Quality and Delivery Costs of Wood Chips by Railway vs. Road Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Frank Hensgen & Michael Wachendorf, 2018. "Aqueous Leaching Prior to Dewatering Improves the Quality of Solid Fuels from Grasslands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-13, April.

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