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Foliage and Grass as Fuel Pellets–Small Scale Combustion of Washed and Mechanically Leached Biomass

Author

Listed:
  • Jan Hari Arti Khalsa

    (Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH (DBFZ)/German Biomass Research Center, Leipzig 04347, Germany)

  • Frank Döhling

    (Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH (DBFZ)/German Biomass Research Center, Leipzig 04347, Germany)

  • Florian Berger

    (florafuel AG, München 81829, Germany)

Abstract

The high contents of disadvantageous elements contained in non-woody biomass are known to cause problems during small and large scale combustion, typically resulting in a higher risk of slagging, corrosion, and increased emissions. Mechanically leaching the respective elements from the biomass through a sequence of process steps has proven to be a promising solution.The florafuel process used here is comprised of size reduction followed by washing and subsequent mechanical dewatering of the biomass. Densification of the upgraded biomass into standardized pellets (Ø 6mm) enables an application in existing small-scale boilers. The presented combustion trials investigated the performance of pellets made from leached grass, foliage and a mixture of both in two small-scale boilers (<100 kWth) with slightly different technology (moving grate versus water-cooled burner tube) during a 4-h measurement period. Emissions were in accordance with German emissions standards except for NO x (threshold is 0.50 g/m 3 ) in the case of pure grass pellets (0.51 g/m 3 ) and particulate matter (PM) in all but one case (foliage, 13–16 mg/m 3 ). An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) unit installed with one of the boilers successfully reduced PM emission of both the grass and mixture fuel below the threshold of 20 mg/m 3 (all emission values refer to 13 vol.% O 2 , at standard temperature and pressure (STP)). Bottom ash composition and grate temperature profiles were analyzed and discussed for one of the boilers.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan Hari Arti Khalsa & Frank Döhling & Florian Berger, 2016. "Foliage and Grass as Fuel Pellets–Small Scale Combustion of Washed and Mechanically Leached Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-16, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:5:p:361-:d:69829
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Meike Nitsche & Nodirjon Nurmatov & Frank Hensgen & Michael Wachendorf, 2017. "Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Leaf Litter Designated for Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Nodirjon Nurmatov & Daniel Armando Leon Gomez & Frank Hensgen & Lutz Bühle & Michael Wachendorf, 2016. "High-Quality Solid Fuel Production from Leaf Litter of Urban Street Trees," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Frank Hensgen & Michael Wachendorf, 2016. "The Effect of the Invasive Plant Species Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. on Energy Recovery Parameters of Semi-Natural Grassland Biomass," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Sebastian Paczkowski & Victoria Knappe & Marta Paczkowska & Luis Alonzo Diaz Robles & Dirk Jaeger & Stefan Pelz, 2021. "Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment (HTT) Improves the Combustion Properties of Short-Rotation Coppice Willow Wood by Reducing Emission Precursors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-13, December.
    5. Mathhar Bdour & Mohammad Al-Addous & Michael Nelles & Andreas Ortwein, 2016. "Determination of Optimized Parameters for the Flexible Operation of a Biomass-Fueled, Microscale Externally Fired Gas Turbine (EFGT)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Ben Joseph & Frank Hensgen & Lutz Bühle & Michael Wachendorf, 2018. "Solid Fuel Production from Semi-Natural Grassland Biomass—Results from a Commercial-Scale IFBB Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, November.
    7. Pedro J. Villegas & Juan A. Martín-Ramos & Juan Díaz & Juan Á. Martínez & Miguel J. Prieto & Alberto M. Pernía, 2017. "A Digitally Controlled Power Converter for an Electrostatic Precipitator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-24, December.
    8. Łukasz Sobol & Karol Wolski & Adam Radkowski & Elżbieta Piwowarczyk & Maciej Jurkowski & Henryk Bujak & Arkadiusz Dyjakon, 2022. "Determination of Energy Parameters and Their Variability between Varieties of Fodder and Turf Grasses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Meike Nitsche & Frank Hensgen & Michael Wachendorf, 2017. "Using Grass Cuttings from Sports Fields for Anaerobic Digestion and Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-11, March.
    10. Frank Hensgen & Michael Wachendorf, 2018. "Aqueous Leaching Prior to Dewatering Improves the Quality of Solid Fuels from Grasslands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-13, April.

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