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Processing Orchard Grass into Carbon Bio Pellets via Hydrothermal Carbonisation—A Case Study Analysis

Author

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  • Zygmunt Kowalski

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Makara

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

The presented case study evaluates the environmental and economic effects of carbon bio pellet production from orchard grass by Farmutil HS Inc. through the hydrothermal carbonisation method, using obtained biofuel as a substitute for natural gas for heat production. Hydrothermal carbonisation is a zero-waste technology that produces renewable bioenergy by substituting fossil fuels for non-renewable resources. Processing 60,000 t/y of orchard grass with this method resulted in a total amount of heat production of 456,780 GJ/y. This means that over 60% of the energy produced from natural gas could be substituted by renewable bioenergy. It is also very important that the estimated cost of heat produced from carbon bio pellets is 29% lower in comparison to the cost of heat produced from natural gas

Suggested Citation

  • Zygmunt Kowalski & Agnieszka Makara, 2024. "Processing Orchard Grass into Carbon Bio Pellets via Hydrothermal Carbonisation—A Case Study Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:12:p:2956-:d:1415634
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cherney, Jerome H. & Verma, Vijay Kumar, 2013. "Grass pellet Quality Index: A tool to evaluate suitability of grass pellets for small scale combustion systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 679-684.
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