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Agrivoltaics and Aquavoltaics: Potential of Solar Energy Use in Agriculture and Freshwater Aquaculture in Croatia

Author

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  • Daniel Matulić

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Željko Andabaka

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Sanja Radman

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Goran Fruk

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Josip Leto

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Jakša Rošin

    (Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia)

  • Mirta Rastija

    (Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • Ivana Varga

    (Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia)

  • Tea Tomljanović

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Hrvoje Čeprnja

    (WWF Adria, Gundulićeva 63, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Marko Karoglan

    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

Abstract

Agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics combine renewable energy production with agriculture and aquaculture. Agrivoltaics involves placing solar panels on farmland, while aquavoltaics integrates photovoltaic systems with water bodies and aquaculture. This paper examines the benefits and challenges of agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics, focusing on their potential for Croatian agriculture and freshwater aquaculture. Benefits include dual land use, which allows farmers to produce clean energy while maintaining agricultural practices. They diversify renewable energy sources and reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Solar panels in agrivoltaics provide shade, protect crops, reduce water needs, and increase yields. Challenges include high initial costs and limited accessibility, especially for small farmers. Integration with existing systems requires careful planning, considering irrigation, soil moisture, and crop or fish production. Maintenance and cleaning present additional challenges due to dust, debris, and algae. Policy and regulatory frameworks must support implementation, including incentives, grid integration, land use regulations, and conservation. The location, resources, and crops grown in Croatia present an opportunity for agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics, considering cultivation methods, species, and regulatory requirements.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Matulić & Željko Andabaka & Sanja Radman & Goran Fruk & Josip Leto & Jakša Rošin & Mirta Rastija & Ivana Varga & Tea Tomljanović & Hrvoje Čeprnja & Marko Karoglan, 2023. "Agrivoltaics and Aquavoltaics: Potential of Solar Energy Use in Agriculture and Freshwater Aquaculture in Croatia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-26, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:7:p:1447-:d:1200083
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    1. Krista Laktuka & Antra Kalnbalkite & Liga Sniega & Kalvis Logins & Dace Lauka, 2023. "Towards the Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture: Exploring Possible Ways Forward," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-28, December.
    2. Yusra Hasan & William David Lubitz, 2024. "A Sustainable Agri-Photovoltaic Greenhouse for Lettuce Production in Qatar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-22, October.

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