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Initial Study on Triaxiality of Human Settlements—In the Case of 10 Districts (Counties) of Dalian

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  • Shenzhen Tian

    (School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116029, China)

  • Xueming Li

    (School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116029, China)

  • Jun Yang

    (School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116029, China)

  • Chunhua Zhang

    (Land and Resources Development Research Center of Dalian, Dalian 116009, China)

  • Yun Zhang

    (National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China)

Abstract

For a long time, the traditional pattern of urban-rural human settlements has been shaped in reference to the existence of the urban-rural dual structure. In this paper, we put forward the notion of triaxiality of human settlements, and used the standards conversion entropy weight method to measure and calculate degrees of livability of human settlements, so as to prove the existence of triaxiality of human settlements within the same unit at the micro-scale level, and conduct an empirical study on the spatial-temporal evolution, system attributes and formation mechanisms of the triaxiality of human settlements in 10 districts (counties) of Dalian (Years 2002–2011). Results showed that: (1) Spatial evolution of human settlements presents triaxiality. Administrative divisions do not play a full and predominant role in the unit division of human settlements. The number of distribution districts (counties) within different units of human settlements tends to be balanced, there is spatial variation of tertiary units in the human settlements of Dalian, and the transition area of human settlements occupies the leading position in the unit division of human settlements; (2) Human settlements also exhibit triaxiality at different development stages during the period of evolution. The fluctuation changes of degrees of livability of the human settlements of Dalian within the past 10 years have been relatively stable, with a trend of small scale decline and obvious manifestations of stage differences; (3) The system attributive characters of human settlements presents triaxiality. There also exists differentiations of system and area in human settlements within the same unit; (4) Industrialization and urbanization have led to the collapse of part of the urban-rural dual structure, while the differentiation of ternary structure of the economic and social structure, and living environment and life style leads to the triaxiality of human settlements.

Suggested Citation

  • Shenzhen Tian & Xueming Li & Jun Yang & Chunhua Zhang & Yun Zhang, 2014. "Initial Study on Triaxiality of Human Settlements—In the Case of 10 Districts (Counties) of Dalian," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:6:y:2014:i:10:p:7276-7291:d:41464
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rajagopal, 2014. "The Human Factors," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Architecting Enterprise, chapter 9, pages 225-249, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. William J. Reed, 2002. "On the Rank‐Size Distribution for Human Settlements," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(1), pages 1-17, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shenzhen Tian & Xueming Li & Hang Li & Yingjia Zhang & Tongliga Bao, 2016. "Initial Evaluation of Provincial-Level Environmental Risks from the Perspective of Human Settlements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Shenzhen Tian & Jialin Jiang & Hang Li & Xueming Li & Jun Yang & Chuanglin Fang, 2023. "Flow space reveals the urban network structure and development mode of cities in Liaoning, China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Chuanglin Fang & Haitao Ma & Chao Bao & Zhenbo Wang & Guangdong Li & Siao Sun & Yupeng Fan, 2022. "Urban–rural human settlements in China: Objective evaluation and subjective well-being," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Wei Xu & Tao Sun, 2022. "Evaluation of rural habitat environment in under-developed areas of Western China: a case study of Northern Shaanxi," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(9), pages 10503-10539, September.
    5. Yanpeng Ding & Bin Shi & Guijin Su & Qianqian Li & Jing Meng & Yongjian Jiang & Yi Qin & Lingwen Dai & Shuai Song, 2021. "Assessing Suitability of Human Settlements in High-Altitude Area Using a Comprehensive Index Method: A Case Study of Tibet, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Chunshan Zhou & Dahao Zhang & Xiong He, 2021. "Transportation Accessibility Evaluation of Educational Institutions Conducting Field Environmental Education Activities in Ecological Protection Areas: A Case Study of Zhuhai City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.

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