IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i5p2110-d1350610.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Improving Sustainability in Urban and Road Transportation: Dual Battery Block and Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System for Electric Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Armenta-Déu

    (Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

This work aims to study and analyze sustainability improvement in urban and road transportation by using a hybrid power system for electric vehicles consisting of a dual low- and high-rate operation lithium battery block and a fuel cell. The proposed power system reduces the energy consumption in electric vehicles, thus helping to enhance a sustainable process of environmental urban pollution and reducing or eliminating fossil fuel dependence, enhancing global sustainability. In this configuration, the high-rate lithium battery powers the electric vehicle in high-power-demand processes like acceleration mode or on an uphill road; the low-rate battery operates at a low output power range, servicing the auxiliary systems and low power loads, and the fuel cell supplies energy in intermediate-power-demand conditions, normal driving mode, constant velocity, or flat and downhill terrain. The dual power system improves global efficiency, since every power unit operates optimally, depending on the driving conditions. Power sharing optimizes the lithium battery performance and fuel cell capacity, minimizing the size and weight of each energy system and enlarging the driving range. A comparative study between different lithium battery configurations and fuel cells shows an efficiency improvement of 31.4% for the hybrid dual-battery block and fuel cell operating in low, high, and intermediate output power ranges, respectively. The study is based on a simulation process recreating current driving conditions for electric cars in urban, peripheral, and intercity routes. An alternative solution consisting of a hybrid system, fuel cell, and high-rate lithium battery produces a 29% power gain.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Armenta-Déu, 2024. "Improving Sustainability in Urban and Road Transportation: Dual Battery Block and Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System for Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:5:p:2110-:d:1350610
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/5/2110/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/5/2110/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wu, Horng-Wen, 2016. "A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 81-106.
    2. Poullikkas, Andreas, 2013. "A comparative overview of large-scale battery systems for electricity storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 778-788.
    3. Seungbae Sim & Jisoo Oh & Bongju Jeong, 2015. "Measuring greenhouse gas emissions for the transportation sector in Korea," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 230(1), pages 129-151, July.
    4. Tomáš Skrúcaný & Martin Kendra & Ondrej Stopka & Saša Milojević & Tomasz Figlus & Csaba Csiszár, 2019. "Impact of the Electric Mobility Implementation on the Greenhouse Gases Production in Central European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Berggren, Christian & Magnusson, Thomas, 2012. "Reducing automotive emissions—The potentials of combustion engine technologies and the power of policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 636-643.
    6. Li, Mengyu & Zhang, Xiongwen & Li, Guojun, 2016. "A comparative assessment of battery and fuel cell electric vehicles using a well-to-wheel analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 693-704.
    7. Jonathan A. Patz & Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum & Tracey Holloway & Jonathan A. Foley, 2005. "Impact of regional climate change on human health," Nature, Nature, vol. 438(7066), pages 310-317, November.
    8. Choi, Wonjae & Yoo, Eunji & Seol, Eunsu & Kim, Myoungsoo & Song, Han Ho, 2020. "Greenhouse gas emissions of conventional and alternative vehicles: Predictions based on energy policy analysis in South Korea," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    9. Al-Wreikat, Yazan & Serrano, Clara & Sodré, José Ricardo, 2021. "Driving behaviour and trip condition effects on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle under real-world driving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    10. Diouf, Boucar & Pode, Ramchandra, 2015. "Potential of lithium-ion batteries in renewable energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 375-380.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Leyuan & Wang, Yao & Jiang, Yancui & Zhang, Caizhi & Liao, Quan & Li, Jun & Wu, Jihao & Gao, Xin, 2024. "Life cycle assessment of liquid hydrogen fuel for vehicles with different production routes in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    2. Martin Henke & Getu Hailu, 2020. "Thermal Management of Stationary Battery Systems: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Argyrou, Maria C. & Christodoulides, Paul & Kalogirou, Soteris A., 2018. "Energy storage for electricity generation and related processes: Technologies appraisal and grid scale applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 804-821.
    4. Lee, Meng Hong & Chang, Dong-Shang, 2016. "Allocative efficiency of high-power Li-ion batteries from automotive mode (AM) to storage mode (SM)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 60-67.
    5. Molini, A. & Talkner, P. & Katul, G.G. & Porporato, A., 2011. "First passage time statistics of Brownian motion with purely time dependent drift and diffusion," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 390(11), pages 1841-1852.
    6. Denis Maragno & Michele Dalla Fontana & Francesco Musco, 2020. "Mapping Heat Stress Vulnerability and Risk Assessment at the Neighborhood Scale to Drive Urban Adaptation Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.
    7. Bing Li & Zhifeng Liu & Ying Nan & Shengnan Li & Yanmin Yang, 2018. "Comparative Analysis of Urban Heat Island Intensities in Chinese, Russian, and DPRK Regions across the Transnational Urban Agglomeration of the Tumen River in Northeast Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-16, July.
    8. Wang, Chuang & Liu, Mingkun & Li, Zengqun & Xing, Ziwen & Shu, Yue, 2023. "Performance improvement of twin-screw air expander used in PEMFC systems by two-phase expansion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    9. Filip Škultéty & Dominika Beňová & Jozef Gnap, 2021. "City Logistics as an Imperative Smart City Mechanism: Scrutiny of Clustered EU27 Capitals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, March.
    10. Liao, Shuxin & Qiu, Diankai & Yi, Peiyun & Peng, Linfa & Lai, Xinmin, 2022. "Modeling of a novel cathode flow field design with optimized sub-channels to improve drainage for proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    11. Michael Tong & Berhanu Wondmagegn & Jianjun Xiang & Alana Hansen & Keith Dear & Dino Pisaniello & Blesson Varghese & Jianguo Xiao & Le Jian & Benjamin Scalley & Monika Nitschke & John Nairn & Hilary B, 2022. "Hospitalization Costs of Respiratory Diseases Attributable to Temperature in Australia and Projections for Future Costs in the 2030s and 2050s under Climate Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-16, August.
    12. Ostanek, Jason K. & Li, Weisi & Mukherjee, Partha P. & Crompton, K.R. & Hacker, Christopher, 2020. "Simulating onset and evolution of thermal runaway in Li-ion cells using a coupled thermal and venting model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    13. Ghorbanzadeh, Milad & Astaneh, Majid & Golzar, Farzin, 2019. "Long-term degradation based analysis for lithium-ion batteries in off-grid wind-battery renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1194-1206.
    14. Nicolas Taconet & Aurélie Méjean & Céline Guivarch, 2020. "Influence of climate change impacts and mitigation costs on inequality between countries," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 160(1), pages 15-34, May.
    15. Jaewon Kwak & Huiseong Noh & Soojun Kim & Vijay P. Singh & Seung Jin Hong & Duckgil Kim & Keonhaeng Lee & Narae Kang & Hung Soo Kim, 2014. "Future Climate Data from RCP 4.5 and Occurrence of Malaria in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, October.
    16. Barzegari, Mohammad M. & Dardel, Morteza & Alizadeh, Ebrahim & Ramiar, Abas, 2016. "Dynamic modeling and validation studies of dead-end cascade H2/O2 PEM fuel cell stack with integrated humidifier and separator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 298-308.
    17. Mariani, Fabio & Pérez-Barahona, Agustín & Raffin, Natacha, 2010. "Life expectancy and the environment," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 798-815, April.
    18. Yang, Jie & Yu, Fan & Ma, Kai & Yang, Bo & Yue, Zhiyuan, 2024. "Optimal scheduling of electric-hydrogen integrated charging station for new energy vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    19. Hong, Sanghyun & Kim, Eunsung & Jeong, Saerok, 2023. "Evaluating the sustainability of the hydrogen economy using multi-criteria decision-making analysis in Korea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 485-492.
    20. Yu, Hanzhengnan & Liang, Xingyu & Shu, Gequn & Wang, Yuesen & Sun, Xiuxiu & Zhang, Hongsheng, 2018. "Numerical investigation of the effect of two-stage injection strategy on combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 634-642.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:5:p:2110-:d:1350610. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.