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Multiple Recycling of Wood–Plastic Recycled Composite (WPRC): Developing a Method to Evaluate the Degree of Degradation of Used WPRC

Author

Listed:
  • Keisuke Kojiro

    (Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan)

  • Akane Kusumoto

    (Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan)

  • Hiroaki Horiyama

    (Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
    Multi-Material Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya 463-8560, Japan)

  • Makoto Sumiyoshi

    (ECOWOOD Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu 808-0021, Japan)

  • Masaaki Iwamoto

    (ECOWOOD Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu 808-0021, Japan)

  • Koji Ishimoto

    (ECOWOOD Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu 808-0021, Japan)

  • Yuzo Furuta

    (Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan)

Abstract

Wood–plastic recycled composite (WPRC) are composites obtained by heating and mixing the main raw material, wood flour, with thermoplastic resin, containing at least 40% by mass of recycled material in the raw material. In order to promote the multiple-recycling of WPRC to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the sustainability of resources, three types of WPRC decking materials with different exposure conditions (outdoor-exposed product, unexposed product and product stored in the factory for a long time) and samples after accelerated weathering tests (WPRC and recycled plastics from raw materials) were evaluated and compared by a TG-DTA in order to develop a method for evaluating the degree of degradation of used WPRC. Exothermic behavior with weight loss was observed in the temperature range of 30–500 °C for the WPRC product in two temperature ranges. In order to focus on the change in the first exotherm by oxidative degradation, where the rapid weight loss begins, this paper will focus on the exothermic behavior that develops in the temperature range of 150–300 °C on the lower temperature side. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Initial oxidation temperature (IOT) measurement from DTA behavior suggested that it is possible to evaluate the degree of degradation of WPRC. (2) On the exposed surface of WPRC exposed outdoors for more than 9 years and 8 months, significant decreases in the IOT were observed up to 1 mm from the surface, and a slight decrease in the IOT was observed between 1 and 2 mm from the surface. On the other hand, for the indoor long-term storage of 11 years and 6 months, there were almost no changes in the IOT with respect to the depth from the surface. Regarding the outdoor long-term-exposed WPRC, significant decreases in the IOT were observed not only on the exposed surface but also on the hollow and ribbed surfaces up to a depth of 1 mm from the surfaces. (3) A similar decrease in the IOT with increasing accelerated degradation time was observed for the WPRC and raw recycled plastic samples after accelerated weathering tests as for outdoor exposure. Furthermore, FTIR-ATR spectra also revealed that accelerated degradation caused oxidative degradation of the plastic. Therefore, it is thought that the decrease in the IOT can be used as an indicator to evaluate the degree of degradation of the plastic raw material in WPRC.

Suggested Citation

  • Keisuke Kojiro & Akane Kusumoto & Hiroaki Horiyama & Makoto Sumiyoshi & Masaaki Iwamoto & Koji Ishimoto & Yuzo Furuta, 2024. "Multiple Recycling of Wood–Plastic Recycled Composite (WPRC): Developing a Method to Evaluate the Degree of Degradation of Used WPRC," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:20:p:8815-:d:1496813
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yuki Fuchigami & Keisuke Kojiro & Yuzo Furuta, 2020. "Quantification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Wood-Plastic Recycled Composite (WPRC) and Verification of the Effect of Reducing Emissions through Multiple Recycling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Kirchherr, Julian & Reike, Denise & Hekkert, Marko, 2017. "Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 221-232.
    3. Diana Carolina Gámez-García & José Manuel Gómez-Soberón & Ramón Corral-Higuera & Héctor Saldaña-Márquez & María Consolación Gómez-Soberón & Susana Paola Arredondo-Rea, 2018. "A Cradle to Handover Life Cycle Assessment of External Walls: Choice of Materials and Prognosis of Elements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-24, August.
    4. Héctor Saldaña-Márquez & Diana C. Gámez-García & José M. Gómez-Soberón & Susana P. Arredondo-Rea & Ramón Corral-Higuera & María C. Gómez-Soberón, 2019. "Housing Indicators for Sustainable Cities in Middle-Income Countries through the Residential Urban Environment Recognized Using Single-Family Housing Rating Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-29, August.
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