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Floating Photovoltaic Plant Monitoring: A Review of Requirements and Feasible Technologies

Author

Listed:
  • Silvia Bossi

    (Research Centre of Casaccia, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Luciano Blasi

    (Research Centre of Casaccia, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Giacomo Cupertino

    (Research Centre of Casaccia, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ramiro dell’Erba

    (Research Centre of Casaccia, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, Italy)

  • Angelo Cipollini

    (Research Centre of Casaccia, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, Italy)

  • Saverio De Vito

    (Research Centre of Portici, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, P. le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Napoli, Italy)

  • Marco Santoro

    (Research Centre of Casaccia, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, Italy)

  • Girolamo Di Francia

    (Research Centre of Portici, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, P. le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Napoli, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Marco Tina

    (Department of Electric, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, v. le A. Doria no. 6, 95125 Catania, Italy)

Abstract

Photovoltaic energy (PV) is considered one of the pillars of the energy transition. However, this energy source is limited by a power density per unit surface lower than 200 W/m 2 , depending on the latitude of the installation site. Compared to fossil fuels, such low power density opens a sustainability issue for this type of renewable energy in terms of its competition with other land uses, and forces us to consider areas suitable for the installation of photovoltaic arrays other than farmlands. In this frame, floating PV plants, installed in internal water basins or even offshore, are receiving increasing interest. On the other hand, this kind of installation might significantly affect the water ecosystem environment in various ways, such as by the effects of solar shading or of anchorage installation. As a result, monitoring of floating PV (FPV) plants, both during the ex ante site evaluation phase and during the operation of the PV plant itself, is therefore necessary to keep such effects under control. This review aims to examine the technical and academic literature on FPV plant monitoring, focusing on the measurement and discussion of key physico-chemical parameters. This paper also aims to identify the additional monitoring features required for energy assessment of a floating PV system compared to a ground-based PV system. Moreover, due to the intrinsic difficulty in the maintenance operations of PV structures not installed on land, novel approaches have introduced autonomous solutions for monitoring the environmental impacts of FPV systems. Technologies for autonomous mapping and monitoring of water bodies are reviewed and discussed. The extensive technical literature analyzed in this review highlights the current lack of a cohesive framework for monitoring these impacts. This paper concludes that there is a need to establish general guidelines and criteria for standardized water quality monitoring (WQM) and management in relation to FPV systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvia Bossi & Luciano Blasi & Giacomo Cupertino & Ramiro dell’Erba & Angelo Cipollini & Saverio De Vito & Marco Santoro & Girolamo Di Francia & Giuseppe Marco Tina, 2024. "Floating Photovoltaic Plant Monitoring: A Review of Requirements and Feasible Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-26, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:19:p:8367-:d:1486300
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Konrad Sobolewski & Emilia Sobieska, 2023. "Lightning Protection of Floating Photovoltaic Power Plants—Simulation Analysis of Sample Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Jaturapith Krohkaew & Pongpon Nilaphruek & Niti Witthayawiroj & Sakchai Uapipatanakul & Yamin Thwe & Padma Nyoman Crisnapati, 2023. "Thailand Raw Water Quality Dataset Analysis and Evaluation," Data, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Tina, Giuseppe Marco & Bontempo Scavo, Fausto & Merlo, Leonardo & Bizzarri, Fabrizio, 2021. "Analysis of water environment on the performances of floating photovoltaic plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 281-295.
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