IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i18p8210-d1482307.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Does Green Finance Reduce Carbon Emissions? Global Evidence Based on System Generalized Method of Moments

Author

Listed:
  • Meryem Filiz Baştürk

    (Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa 16059, Türkiye)

Abstract

Global environmental awareness has increased with the adoption of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. Global climate change has been a focal point in these international frameworks, with an emphasis on addressing environmental issues and setting specific targets for solutions. Financing plays a vital role in attaining goals established in international frameworks. The limitations of conventional finance have highlighted the need for green finance. There is a scarcity of studies in the literature examining the impact of green finance on carbon emissions, and a definitive conclusion has yet to be reached. This research aims to enhance the current literature by presenting empirical findings on how green finance influences carbon emissions globally. By employing the system generalized method of moments (GMM), developed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998), this study investigated how green finance influences carbon emissions. Covering the span of 2017–2022, this study encompassed 48 countries across the globe. Green finance was found to have a negative and statistically significant impact on carbon emissions. Issuing green bonds to represent green finance, when increased by 1%, reduces carbon emissions by −0.012%.

Suggested Citation

  • Meryem Filiz Baştürk, 2024. "Does Green Finance Reduce Carbon Emissions? Global Evidence Based on System Generalized Method of Moments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:18:p:8210-:d:1482307
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/18/8210/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/18/8210/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lloyd Freeburn & Ian Ramsay, 2020. "Green bonds: legal and policy issues," Capital Markets Law Journal, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(4), pages 418-442.
    2. Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia, 1995. "Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 29-51, July.
    3. David Roodman, 2009. "How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 9(1), pages 86-136, March.
    4. Muhammad Alamgir & Ming-Chang Cheng, 2023. "Do Green Bonds Play a Role in Achieving Sustainability?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-27, June.
    5. Dong, Weijian & Li, Ying & Gao, Pengpeng & Sun, Yunpeng, 2023. "Role of trade and green bond market in renewable energy deployment in Southeast Asia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 313-319.
    6. Jin, Cheng & Lv, Zhiwei & Li, Zengrong & Sun, Kehan, 2023. "Green finance, renewable energy and carbon neutrality in OECD countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 279-284.
    7. Blundell, Richard & Bond, Stephen, 1998. "Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 115-143, August.
    8. Nickell, Stephen J, 1981. "Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(6), pages 1417-1426, November.
    9. Wang, Moran & Li, Xuerong & Wang, Shouyang, 2021. "Discovering research trends and opportunities of green finance and energy policy: A data-driven scientometric analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    10. Weicheng Xu & Xiaoyi Feng & Yiying Zhu, 2023. "The Impact of Green Finance on Carbon Emissions in China: An Energy Consumption Optimization Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-23, July.
    11. Xu, Xinkuo & Li, Jingsi, 2023. "Can green bonds reduce the carbon emissions of cities in China?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    12. Torsten Ehlers & Benoit Mojon & Frank Packer, 2020. "Green bonds and carbon emissions: exploring the case for a rating system at the firm level," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    13. Alharbi, Samar S. & Al Mamun, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Rizvi, Syed Kumail Abbas, 2023. "Green finance and renewable energy: A worldwide evidence," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    14. David Roodman, 2009. "A Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 71(1), pages 135-158, February.
    15. Manuel Arellano & Stephen Bond, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 277-297.
    16. Bhutta, Umair Saeed & Tariq, Adeel & Farrukh, Muhammad & Raza, Ali & Iqbal, Muhammad Khalid, 2022. "Green bonds for sustainable development: Review of literature on development and impact of green bonds," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cho, Seo-young & Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya, 2010. "Compliance for big brothers: An empirical analysis on the impact of the anti-trafficking protocol," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 118, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    2. Zheng, Xinye & Li, Fanghua & Song, Shunfeng & Yu, Yihua, 2013. "Central government's infrastructure investment across Chinese regions: A dynamic spatial panel data approach," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 264-276.
    3. Tadadjeu, Sosson & Njangang, Henri & Asongu, Simplice A. & Kamguia, Brice, 2023. "Natural resources, child mortality and governance quality in African countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    4. Lamar Crombach & Frank Bohn, 2024. "Uninformed voters with (im)precise expectations: Explaining political budget cycle puzzles," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1), pages 275-311, March.
    5. Abdramane Camara, 2023. "The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Tax Revenue," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 65(1), pages 168-190, March.
    6. Mohanty, Biswajit & Bhanumurthy, N. R. & Dastidar, Ananya Ghosh, 2017. "What explains Regional Imbalances in Infrastructure?: Evidence from Indian States," Working Papers 17/197, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
    7. Njangang, Henri & Asongu, Simplice A. & Tadadjeu, Sosson & Nounamo, Yann & Kamguia, Brice, 2022. "Governance in mitigating the effect of oil wealth on wealth inequality: A cross-country analysis of policy thresholds," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    8. Emna Trabelsi, 2022. "Macroprudential Transparency and Price Stability in Emerging and Developing Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 11(1), pages 105-129.
    9. Davide Consoli & Francesco Vona & Francesco Rentocchini, 2016. "That was then, this is now: skills and routinization in the 2000s," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 25(5), pages 847-866.
    10. Scott, K. Rebecca, 2015. "Demand and price uncertainty: Rational habits in international gasoline demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 40-49.
    11. Abdramane Camara, 2019. "The effect of foreign direct investment on tax revenue in developing countries," Working Papers hal-03188025, HAL.
    12. Albaladejo, Isabel P. & González-Martínez, María Isabel & Martínez-García, María Pilar, 2016. "Nonconstant reputation effect in a dynamic tourism demand model for Spain," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 132-139.
    13. Mohamed Boly, 2018. "CO 2 mitigation in developing countries: the role of foreign aid," Working Papers halshs-01740881, HAL.
    14. Joseph L. Dieleman & Michael Hanlon, 2014. "Measuring The Displacement And Replacement Of Government Health Expenditure," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(2), pages 129-140, February.
    15. Yerrabati, Sridevi, 2022. "Does vulnerable employment alleviate poverty in developing countries?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    16. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2ajduu0gqt9ho8h2tavbin6ops is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Orkhan Nadirov & Bruce Dehning, 2020. "Tax Progressivity and Entrepreneurial Dynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-21, April.
    18. Gandjon Fankem, Gislain Stéphane & Feyom, Cédric, 2024. "Does trade openness improve or worsen public governance in sub-Saharan Africa?," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    19. Mateo Zokalj, 2016. "The impact of population aging on public finance in the European Union," Financial Theory and Practice, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 40(4), pages 383-412.
    20. Michel Dumont, 2015. "Working Paper 05-15 - Evaluation of federal tax incentives for private R&D in Belgium: An update," Working Papers 1505, Federal Planning Bureau, Belgium.
    21. Enrico Onali, 2014. "Moral Hazard, Dividends, and Risk in Banks," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1-2), pages 128-155, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:18:p:8210-:d:1482307. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.