IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i10p3882-d1389308.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Environmental Impact Assessment of a Dumping Site: A Case Study of Kakia Dumping Site

Author

Listed:
  • Faisal A. Osra

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia)

  • Moussa Sobh Elbisy

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hasan Abdullah Mosaıbah

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khalid Osra

    (Transportation and Traffic Engineering Department, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mirac Nur Ciner

    (Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey)

  • H. Kurtulus Ozcan

    (Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey)

Abstract

Open dumping threatens the environment and public health by causing soil, water, and air pollution and precipitating the deterioration of the environmental balance. Therefore, sustainable waste management practices and compliance with environmental regulations are important to minimize these negative impacts. In this context, it is very important to identify the environmental damage inflicted by open dumping areas and to take measures to prevent this damage. Makkah is among the cities that still use open dumping for solid waste disposal. The rapid increase in this city’s population is generating large quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW), making it difficult to manage waste economically without harming the environment or public health. During Umrah and Hajj, the rate of MSW generation increases to an even greater degree. The sustainable management of MSW in holy cities is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the environmental impact of the Kakia Open Dumping Site in Makkah on air quality, soil, and nearby groundwater wells. It also conducted analyses of essential elements (Ca, Mg, and Na), heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr), and a metalloid (As) in leachate produced at the Kakia Open Dumpsite, enabling the development of management strategies. In addition, the correlations between the essential elements, the metalloid, and the heavy metals were also analyzed. The goal is not only to mitigate the negative effects of open dumping, but also to highlight the need to adopt sustainable management strategies for MSW in religiously significant cities like Makkah.

Suggested Citation

  • Faisal A. Osra & Moussa Sobh Elbisy & Hasan Abdullah Mosaıbah & Khalid Osra & Mirac Nur Ciner & H. Kurtulus Ozcan, 2024. "Environmental Impact Assessment of a Dumping Site: A Case Study of Kakia Dumping Site," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:10:p:3882-:d:1389308
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/10/3882/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/10/3882/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cagri Un, 2023. "A Sustainable Approach to the Conversion of Waste into Energy: Landfill Gas-to-Fuel Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Uchenna Okereafor & Mamookho Makhatha & Lukhanyo Mekuto & Nkemdinma Uche-Okereafor & Tendani Sebola & Vuyo Mavumengwana, 2020. "Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Pooja Negi & Suman Mor & Khaiwal Ravindra, 2020. "Impact of landfill leachate on the groundwater quality in three cities of North India and health risk assessment," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 1455-1474, February.
    4. Stolecka, Katarzyna & Rusin, Andrzej, 2021. "Potential hazards posed by biogas plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tingfei Gu & Xiaoqian Jia & Huifeng Shi & Xiaoli Gong & Jinxi Ma & Zhihang Gan & Zhixin Yu & Zhiwen Li & Yuan Wei, 2022. "An Evaluation of Exposure to 18 Toxic and/or Essential Trace Elements Exposure in Maternal and Cord Plasma during Pregnancy at Advanced Maternal Age," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Giovanni Vinti & Valerie Bauza & Thomas Clasen & Kate Medlicott & Terry Tudor & Christian Zurbrügg & Mentore Vaccari, 2021. "Municipal Solid Waste Management and Adverse Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-26, April.
    3. Elżbieta Zawierucha & Monika Skowrońska & Marcin Zawierucha, 2022. "Chemical and Biological Properties of Agricultural Soils Located along Communication Routes," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-11, November.
    4. Xiuju Feng & Yunchen Zheng & Woraphon Yamaka & Jianxu Liu, 2024. "How Does Agricultural Green Transformation Improve Residents’ Health? Empirical Evidence from China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, July.
    5. Mirha Pazalja & Jasmina Sulejmanović & Sabina Begić & Mirsada Salihović, 2023. "Heavy metals content and health risk assessment of selected leafy plants consumed in Bosnia and Herzegovina," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 69(4), pages 170-178.
    6. Arwa A. AL-Huqail & Pankaj Kumar & Ebrahem M. Eid & Bashir Adelodun & Sami Abou Fayssal & Jogendra Singh & Ashish Kumar Arya & Madhumita Goala & Vinod Kumar & Ivan Širić, 2022. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Soil and Two Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Irrigated with Paper Mill Effluent," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-13, November.
    7. Tavera-Ruiz, C. & Martí-Herrero, J. & Mendieta, O. & Jaimes-Estévez, J. & Gauthier-Maradei, P. & Azimov, U. & Escalante, H. & Castro, L., 2023. "Current understanding and perspectives on anaerobic digestion in developing countries: Colombia case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    8. Liu, Yang & Wu, Ailing & Wang, Jianda & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Dong, Xiucheng, 2024. "Green growth in the global south: How does metallic minerals affect GTFP enhancement?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    9. Grzegorz Przydatek & Agnieszka Generowicz & Włodzimierz Kanownik, 2024. "Evaluation of the Activity of a Municipal Waste Landfill Site in the Operational and Non-Operational Sectors Based on Landfill Gas Productivity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-16, May.
    10. Wu, Di & Li, Lei & Peng, Yun & Yang, Pingjin & Peng, Xuya & Sun, Yongming & Wang, Xiaoming, 2021. "State indicators of anaerobic digestion: A critical review on process monitoring and diagnosis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    11. Jinbiao Li & Yangni Zhai & Guojian Ge & Yang Xu & Can Wang & Anyong Hu & Yujie Han & Nan Shan & Bo Liu & Jinlin Chen & Wenlin Wang, 2022. "Bacterial Community Composition and Function of Tropical River Ecosystem along the Nandu River on Hainan Island, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.
    12. Cagri Un, 2024. "Enhancing Sewage Sludge Treatment with Hydrothermal Processing: A Case Study of Adana City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-19, May.
    13. Guillermo Medina-González & Yelena Medina & Enrique Muñoz & Patricio Fuentes, 2023. "Rapid and Convenient Assessment of Trace Element Contamination in Agricultural Soils through Slurry-TXRF and Ecological Indices: The Ñuble Region, Chile as a Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, June.
    14. Mateusz Klejnowski & Katarzyna Stolecka-Antczak, 2024. "The Influence of Hydrogen Concentration on the Hazards Associated with the Use of Coke Oven Gas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-16, September.
    15. Florin Vaduva & Luiela Magdalena Csorba & Dan-Cristian Dabija & George Lăzăroiu, 2024. "The Impact of Public Policies and Civil Society on the Sustainable Behavior of Romanian Consumers of Electrical and Electronic Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, February.
    16. Józef Ciuła & Agnieszka Generowicz & Anna Gronba-Chyła & Iwona Wiewiórska & Paweł Kwaśnicki & Mariusz Cygnar, 2024. "Analysis of the Efficiency of Landfill Gas Treatment for Power Generation in a Cogeneration System in Terms of the European Green Deal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    17. Joshua O. Olowoyo & Ntebo Lion & Tshoni Unathi & Oluwaseun M. Oladeji, 2022. "Concentrations of Pb and Other Associated Elements in Soil Dust 15 Years after the Introduction of Unleaded Fuel and the Human Health Implications in Pretoria, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-17, August.
    18. Marcin Zieliński & Joanna Kazimierowicz & Marcin Dębowski, 2022. "Advantages and Limitations of Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment—Technological Basics, Development Directions, and Technological Innovations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-39, December.
    19. Tianpeng Gao & Haoming Wang & Changming Li & Mingbo Zuo & Xueying Wang & Yuan Liu & Yingli Yang & Danghui Xu & Yubing Liu & Xiangwen Fang, 2022. "Effects of Heavy Metal Stress on Physiology, Hydraulics, and Anatomy of Three Desert Plants in the Jinchang Mining Area, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-19, November.
    20. Shan Chen & Yuanzhao Ding, 2023. "Tackling Heavy Metal Pollution: Evaluating Governance Models and Frameworks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-12, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:10:p:3882-:d:1389308. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.