Bacterial Community Composition and Function of Tropical River Ecosystem along the Nandu River on Hainan Island, China

Microorganisms play a pivotal role in nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems. Understanding bacterial diversity and its functional composition are crucial for aquatic ecology and protection. We investigated the bacterial community structure using 16S rRNA gene amplicons high-throughput sequencing in this study. Results showed that 105 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) account for 43.8% of the total sequences shared by the Nandu River’s lower, middle, and upper reach and the Songtao Reservoir. The dominant bacterial phylum in the Nandu River and its connected Songtao Reservoir were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, respectively. The highest Chao1 and Shannon index values were found in the lower reach of the Nandu River. Beta diversity analysis showed the divergence in bacterial communities in the Nandu River and Songtao Reservoir, but not in different reaches. Among the water properties, based on the Mantel test, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and nitrite significantly affected the bacterial communities. The functional profiles predicted by Tax4Fun2 showed that metabolism was the most abundant function group. The relative abundance of genetic information processing was significantly higher in the Songtao Reservoir than in the Nandu River, while the relative abundance of human diseases was significantly lower in the Songtao Reservoir than in the Nandu River. The appearance of the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism function group requires us to pay more attention to possible water pollution, especially at the upper reach of the Nandu River.