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Experimental Investigation on Solar Water Heater Integrated with Thermal Battery Using Phase Change Material and Porous Media

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  • Mohammad Sajad Naghavi Sanjani

    (Center of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Energy Modelling and Sustainable Energy System (METSAP) Research Lab, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Teheran 1416634793, Iran)

  • Mahyar Silakhori

    (Center for Energy Technology, School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia)

  • Bee Chin Ang

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar

    (Center of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Sayed Mohammad Mousavi Gazafroudi

    (School of Railway Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Teheran 1417935840, Iran)

  • Younes Noorollahi

    (Energy Modelling and Sustainable Energy System (METSAP) Research Lab, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Teheran 1416634793, Iran)

Abstract

Evacuated tube heat pipe solar collector as a passive solar water heating system is a simple, reliable, and cost-effective way to capture the sun’s thermal energy to supply hot water to homes. In the proposed system, the manifold is reshaped to a tank and filled with phase change materials (PCM) and porous media, which the PCM acts as a latent heat thermal energy storage medium. In order to increase the heat flux from the heat pipe to the PCM and overcome the low thermal conductivity of the PCM, porous media is used. The porous media is connected to the heat pipe condenser to collect the heat and distribute it uniformly throughout the PCM filling the pores. This design of the manifold acts as a heat storage tank or thermal battery. Another pipe in the tank transfers heat from the PCM to the water. Experiments were conducted in 2 modes: charging/discharging and periodic draw-off. The results demonstrated that this thermal battery design could provide homes with the hot water they require on sunny days, while it needs an auxiliary heater or larger solar collector to provide enough hot water on rainy/cloudy days. Considering the solar radiation fluctuation, the efficiency of the thermal battery is 50% ± 9.3%. The thermal battery can warm up the cold water higher than the operating temperature on a sunny day (more than 120 L per day at 38 °C). Using porous media provides better heat distribution in the PCM.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Sajad Naghavi Sanjani & Mahyar Silakhori & Bee Chin Ang & Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar & Sayed Mohammad Mousavi Gazafroudi & Younes Noorollahi, 2023. "Experimental Investigation on Solar Water Heater Integrated with Thermal Battery Using Phase Change Material and Porous Media," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6439-:d:1120097
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Naghavi, M.S. & Ong, K.S. & Badruddin, I.A. & Mehrali, Mohammad & Metselaar, H.S.C., 2017. "Thermal performance of a compact design heat pipe solar collector with latent heat storage in charging/discharging modes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 101-115.
    2. Naghavi, M.S. & Metselaar, H.S.C. & Ang, B.C. & Zamiri, G. & Esmailzadeh, A. & Nasiri-Tabrizi, B., 2021. "A critical assessment on synergistic improvement in PCM based thermal batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Naghavi, M.S. & Ong, K.S. & Badruddin, I.A. & Mehrali, M. & Silakhori, M. & Metselaar, H.S.C., 2015. "Theoretical model of an evacuated tube heat pipe solar collector integrated with phase change material," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 911-924.
    4. Chong, W.T. & Naghavi, M.S. & Poh, S.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Pan, K.C., 2011. "Techno-economic analysis of a wind–solar hybrid renewable energy system with rainwater collection feature for urban high-rise application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 4067-4077.
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    6. Yang, Xiaohu & Yu, Jiabang & Guo, Zengxu & Jin, Liwen & He, Ya-Ling, 2019. "Role of porous metal foam on the heat transfer enhancement for a thermal energy storage tube," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 142-156.
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